RMgmDB - Rodent Malaria genetically modified Parasites

Summary

RMgm-321
Malaria parasiteP. berghei
Genotype
DisruptedGene model (rodent): PBANKA_1038200; Gene model (P.falciparum): PF3D7_1403800; Gene product: nuclear formin-like protein MISFIT, putative | male-inherited sporulation factor important for transmission (MISFIT, male-inherited sporulation factor important for transmission)
Transgene
Transgene not Plasmodium: GFP (gfp-mu3)
Promoter: Gene model: PBANKA_1133300; Gene model (P.falciparum): PF3D7_1357100; Gene product: elongation factor 1-alpha (eef1a)
3'UTR: Gene model: PBANKA_0719300; Gene product: bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase, putative (dhfr/ts)
Replacement locus: Gene model: PBANKA_0306000; Gene product: 6-cysteine protein (230p)
Phenotype Fertilization and ookinete; Oocyst;
Last modified: 8 December 2009, 10:48
  *RMgm-321
Successful modificationThe parasite was generated by the genetic modification
The mutant contains the following genetic modification(s) Gene disruption, Introduction of a transgene
Reference (PubMed-PMID number) Reference 1 (PMID number) : 19662167
MR4 number
Parent parasite used to introduce the genetic modification
Rodent Malaria ParasiteP. berghei
Parent strain/lineP. berghei ANKA
Name parent line/clone P. berghei ANKA 507cl1 (RMgm-7)
Other information parent lineRMgm-7 is a P.berghei ANKA line (507cl1) which expresses GFP under control of a constitutive promoter (PubMed: PMID: 16242190).
The mutant parasite was generated by
Name PI/ResearcherE.S.C. Bushell; D. Vlachou
Name Group/DepartmentDepartment of Life Sciences
Name InstituteImperial College London
CityLondon
CountryUK
Name of the mutant parasite
RMgm numberRMgm-321
Principal nameΔpbmisfit
Alternative name
Standardized name
Is the mutant parasite cloned after genetic modificationYes
Phenotype
Asexual blood stageNot different from wild type
Gametocyte/GameteNot different from wild type
Fertilization and ookineteNormal numbers of gametocytes, gametes and ookinetes are produced. Ookinetes can invade the midgut epithelium but the transition into the oocyst stage is severely affected. Ookinetes show a reduced DNA content, microneme defects and altered transcription profiles of genes (see 'Additional information').
OocystOocyst production is severely reduced and oocysts are small in size with much reduced and diffuse DNA staining compared to wild type.
SporozoiteNot tested
Liver stageNot tested
Additional remarks phenotype

Mutant/mutation
The mutant lacks expression of  MISFIT (male-inherited sporulation factor important for transmission).

Protein (function)
MISFIT is an 180 kDa protein bearing a Formin Homology 2 (FH2) domain, the defining feature of formins, and a nuclear localization signal (NLS).

Phenotype
Phenotype analyses indicate that MISFIT plays a critical role during development of the ookinete into the oocyst. Ookinetes invade the mosquito midgut but are arrested in development during their subsequent transformation into oocysts.Genetic crosses of Δpbmisfit gametes show a strict requirement for a functional male copy of misfit  (see 'Additional information'). Mutant ookinetes show a reduced DNA content, microneme defects and altered transcription profiles of putative cell cycle regulators (see 'Additional information').

Additional information
The phenotype of reduced oocyst formation was independently corroborated by disruption of misfit in the P. berghei 2.34 ANKA genetic background (data not shown).

Mutant ookinetes injected directly into the mosquito hemocoel failed to rescue the phenotype of severely affected formation of oocysts.

MISFIT is localized in the nuclei of male gametocytes (activated and not), zygotes and ookinetes as shown by immunofluorescence analyses of a mutant (RMgm-322) that expresses a c-myc-tagged version of MISFIT (using c-myc antibodies).

Genetic crosses were used  to determine whether the defect leading to the block in ookinete development was carried by the male or the female gametocytes/gametes. Male and female gametes of Δpbmisfit  were crossed with gametes of mutant parasite lines that are defective either in male or in female gamete production. Crosses between Δpbmisfit females and wild type males yielded oocysts of normal number, size, morphology, and capability to sporulate. In contrast, crosses between Δpbmisfit males and wild type females invariably produced oocysts exhibiting the Δpbmisfit phenotype.The results revealed a strict requirement for a functional male copy of misfit.

Ookinetes showed a reduced DNA content (3N instead of 4N) as determined by analysis of microscope images of DAPI-stained ookinetes and flow cytometry of DRAQ5-stained ookinetes. Microarray analyses of mutant and wild type ookinetes provided evidence for altered transcription profiles of putative cell cycle regulators. Electron microscopic analyses showed a severe defect in the micronemes of Δpbmisfit ookinetes (reduced numbers or no micronemes).

Based on the phenotype analyses it has been suggested that MISFIT is involved in the regulation of microtubule remodeling during DNA replication and chromosome segregation in mitosis in male gametocytes and/or meiosis in zygotes.

Other mutants
RMgm-322: A mutant expressing a c-myc tagged version of MISFIT


  Disrupted: Mutant parasite with a disrupted gene
Details of the target gene
Gene Model of Rodent Parasite PBANKA_1038200
Gene Model P. falciparum ortholog PF3D7_1403800
Gene productnuclear formin-like protein MISFIT, putative | male-inherited sporulation factor important for transmission
Gene product: Alternative nameMISFIT, male-inherited sporulation factor important for transmission
Details of the genetic modification
Inducable system usedNo
Additional remarks inducable system
Type of plasmid/construct usedPlasmid double cross-over
PlasmoGEM (Sanger) construct/vector usedNo
Modified PlasmoGEM construct/vector usedNo
Plasmid/construct map
Plasmid/construct sequence
Restriction sites to linearize plasmid ApaI, BamHI
Partial or complete disruption of the geneComplete
Additional remarks partial/complete disruption
Selectable marker used to select the mutant parasitetgdhfr
Promoter of the selectable markerpbdhfr
Selection (positive) procedurepyrimethamine
Selection (negative) procedureNo
Additional remarks genetic modification
Additional remarks selection procedure
Primer information: Primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to view information
Primer information: Primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to hide information
Sequence Primer 1TTGGGCCCAAGATGATAGTAATTATAAAGAATTAGAAG
Additional information primer 1misfit A F; Disruption upstream target (A) ApaI
Sequence Primer 2CCAAGCTTGAACAATAATACTGTTACTAGTGG
Additional information primer 2misfit A R; Disruption upstream target (A) HindIII
Sequence Primer 3TGAATTCTTGTTGCATATTTAGCAGTGAATTAG
Additional information primer 3misfit B F; Disruption downstream target (B) EcoRI
Sequence Primer 4GGGGATCCGAATCAAATTCTGCTTCATCCATG
Additional information primer 4misfit B R; Disruption downstream target (B) BamHI
Sequence Primer 5
Additional information primer 5
Sequence Primer 6
Additional information primer 6

  Transgene: Mutant parasite expressing a transgene
Type and details of transgene
Is the transgene Plasmodium derived Transgene: not Plasmodium
Transgene nameGFP (gfp-mu3)
Details of the genetic modification
Inducable system usedNo
Additional remarks inducable system
Type of plasmid/constructPlasmid double cross-over
PlasmoGEM (Sanger) construct/vector usedNo
Modified PlasmoGEM construct/vector usedNo
Plasmid/construct map
Click to view information
Click to hide information
Plasmid/construct sequence
Click to view information
Click to hide information
" 1 aattcactgg ccgtcgtttt acaacgtcgt gactgggaaa accctggcgt
51 tacccaactt aatcgccttg cagcacatcc ccctttcgcc agctggcgta
101 atagcgaaga ggcccgcacc gatcgccctt cccaacagtt gcgcagcctg
151 aatggcgaat ggcgcctgat gcggtatttt ctccttacgc atctgtgcgg
201 tatttcacac cgcatatggt gcactctcag tacaatctgc tctgatgccg
251 catagttaag ccagccccga cacccgccaa cacccgctga cgcgccctga
301 cgggcttgtc tgctcccggc atccgcttac agacaagctg tgaccgtctc
351 cgggagctgc atgtgtcaga ggttttcacc gtcatcaccg aaacgcgcga
401 gacgaaaggg cctcgtgata cgcctatttt tataggttaa tgtcatgata
451 ataatggttt cttagacgtc aggtggcact tttcggggaa atgtgcgcgg
501 aacccctatt tgtttatttt tctaaataca ttcaaatatg tatccgctca
551 tgagacaata accctgataa atgcttcaat aatattgaaa aaggaagagt
601 atgagtattc aacatttccg tgtcgccctt attccctttt ttgcggcatt
651 ttgccttcct gtttttgctc acccagaaac gctggtgaaa gtaaaagatg
701 ctgaagatca gttgggtgca cgagtgggtt acatcgaact ggatctcaac
751 agcggtaaga tccttgagag ttttcgcccc gaagaacgtt ttccaatgat
801 gagcactttt aaagttctgc tatgtggcgc ggtattatcc cgtattgacg
851 ccgggcaaga gcaactcggt cgccgcatac actattctca gaatgacttg
901 gttgagtact caccagtcac agaaaagcat cttacggatg gcatgacagt
951 aagagaatta tgcagtgctg ccataaccat gagtgataac actgcggcca
1001 acttacttct gacaacgatc ggaggaccga aggagctaac cgcttttttg
1051 cacaacatgg gggatcatgt aactcgcctt gatcgttggg aaccggagct
1101 gaatgaagcc ataccaaacg acgagcgtga caccacgatg cctgtagcaa
1151 tggcaacaac gttgcgcaaa ctattaactg gcgaactact tactctagct
1201 tcccggcaac aattaataga ctggatggag gcggataaag ttgcaggacc
1251 acttctgcgc tcggcccttc cggctggctg gtttattgct gataaatctg
1301 gagccggtga gcgtgggtct cgcggtatca ttgcagcact ggggccagat
1351 ggtaagccct cccgtatcgt agttatctac acgacgggga gtcaggcaac
1401 tatggatgaa cgaaatagac agatcgctga gataggtgcc tcactgatta
1451 agcattggta actgtcagac caagtttact catatatact ttagattgat
1501 ttaaaacttc atttttaatt taaaaggatc taggtgaaga tcctttttga
1551 taatctcatg accaaaatcc cttaacgtga gttttcgttc cactgagcgt
1601 cagaccccgt agaaaagatc aaaggatctt cttgagatcc tttttttctg
1651 cgcgtaatct gctgcttgca aacaaaaaaa ccaccgctac cagcggtggt
1701 ttgtttgccg gatcaagagc taccaactct ttttccgaag gtaactggct
1751 tcagcagagc gcagatacca aatactgtcc ttctagtgta gccgtagtta
1801 ggccaccact tcaagaactc tgtagcaccg cctacatacc tcgctctgct
1851 aatcctgtta ccagtggctg ctgccagtgg cgataagtcg tgtcttaccg
1901 ggttggactc aagacgatag ttaccggata aggcgcagcg gtcgggctga
1951 acggggggtt cgtgcacaca gcccagcttg gagcgaacga cctacaccga
2001 actgagatac ctacagcgtg agcattgaga aagcgccacg cttcccgaag
2051 ggagaaaggc ggacaggtat ccggtaagcg gcagggtcgg aacaggagag
2101 cgcacgaggg agcttccagg gggaaacgcc tggtatcttt atagtcctgt
2151 cgggtttcgc cacctctgac ttgagcgtcg atttttgtga tgctcgtcag
2201 gggggcggag cctatggaaa aacgccagca acgcggcctt tttacggttc
2251 ctggcctttt gctggccttt tgctcacatg ttctttcctg cgttatcccc
2301 tgattctgtg gataaccgta ttaccgcctt tgagtgagct gataccgctc
2351 gccgcagccg aacgaccgag cgcagcgagt cagtgagcga ggaagcggaa
2401 gagcgcccaa tacgcaaacc gcctctcccc gcgcgttggc cgattcatta
2451 atgcagctgg cacgacaggt ttcccgactg gaaagcgggc agtgagcgca
2501 acgcaattaa tgtgagttag ctcactcatt aggcacccca ggctttacac
2551 tttatgcttc cggctcgtat gttgtgtgga attgtgagcg gataacaatt
2601 tcacacagga aacagctatg accatgatta cgccaagctt ccgcgggtat
2651 atggtaaaga acctactaac acaataaaat atttaaataa tgtatttcct
2701 ataaataaat ttacagattt attttttaat acaaaagata tagatatacc
2751 agaaataaat gatcagttta aaggttttaa attctttatg acatcattta
2801 taaatcatgg atcatatcca ctaacaatag aatgtggtgt aacaaatggt
2851 ggaactagtt ataaaagagc aattatttta ttgcatgttc gaactgattt
2901 aaaagataga ccagtttcat tttgtgattt tcgaaaagga gaattatata
2951 attatttgaa tgcttatact gaaggggatg tatgcataat aatttccaaa
3001 tcaaatacaa gttttggttt tagatgccca gtaaatacaa aaaaaatgcc
3051 aaaaaattgt tttacgcaag tatatgaaaa agggtatcta aatgacgcca
3101 ataaaattaa tactaaaaat gttattaact attcatttga aaatccagaa
3151 tatgcgctag ctggttytaa ttatacatta acaaaatcgt atcaatttga
3201 atgtcattgt gtagataaag aaacagaaca aattgtaaaa acggttttag
3251 tcaaatatgt aaatgaagat gaaatatatg attataatga ttttccaatg
3301 gtgaatcaca aacctattat tgcacatcca aataaaacac atcaagcttg
3351 catgcctgca gcccagctta attcttttcg agctctttat gcttaagttt
3401 acaatttaat attcatactt taagtatttt ttgtagtatc ctagatattg
3451 tgctttaaat gctcacccct caaagcacca gtaatatttt catccactga
3501 aataccatta aattttcaaa aaaatactat gcatataatg ttatacatat
3551 aaacataaaa cgccatgtaa atcaaaaaat atataaaaat atgtataaaa
3601 ataaatatgc actaaatata agctaattat gcataaaaat taaagtgccc
3651 tttattaact agtcgtaatt atttatattt ctatgttata aaaaaatcct
3701 catataataa tataattaat atatgtaatg ttttttttat tttataattt
3751 taatataaaa taatatgtaa attaattcaa aaaataaata taattgttgt
3801 gaaacaaaaa acgtaatttt ttcatttgcc ttcaaaattt aaatttattt
3851 taatatttcc taaaatatat atactttgtg tataaatata taaaaatata
3901 tatttgctta taaataaata aaaaatttta taaaacatag ggggatccat
3951 gagtaaagga gaagaacttt tcactggagt tgtcccaatt cttgttgaat
4001 tagatggtga tgttaatggg cacaaatttt ctgtcagtgg agagggtgaa
4051 ggtgatgcaa catacggaaa acttaccctt aaatttattt gcactactgg
4101 aaaactacct gttccatggc caacacttgt cactactttc ggttatggtg
4151 ttcaatgctt tgcgagatac ccagatcata tgaaacagca tgactttttc
4201 aagagtgcca tgcccgaagg ttatgtacag gaaagaacta tatttttcaa
4251 agatgacggg aactacaaga cacgtgctga agtcaagttt gaaggtgata
4301 cccttgttaa tagaatcgag ttaaaaggta ttgattttaa agaagatgga
4351 aacattcttg gacacaaatt ggaatacaac tataactcac acaatgtata
4401 catcatggca gacaaacaaa agaatggaat caaagttaac ttcaaaatta
4451 gacacaacat tgaagatgga agcgttcaac tagcagacca ttatcaacaa
4501 aatactccaa ttggcgatgg ccctgtcctt ttaccagaca accattacct
4551 gtccacacaa tctgcccttt cgaaagatcc caacgaaaag agagaccaca
4601 tggtccttct tgagtttgta acagctgctg ggattacaca tggcatggat
4651 gaactataca aataaatgga tcccgttttt cttacttata tatttatacc
4701 aattgattgt atttataact gtaaaaatgt gtatgttgtg tgcatatttt
4751 tttttgtgca tgcacatgca tgtaaatagc taaaattatg aacattttat
4801 tttttgttca gaaaaaaaaa actttacaca cataaaatgg ctagtatgaa
4851 tagccatatt ttatataaat taaatcctat gaatttatga ccatattaaa
4901 aatttagata tttatggaac ataatatgtt tgaaacaata agacaaaatt
4951 attattatta ttattatttt tactgttata attatgttgt ctcttcaatg
5001 attcataaat agttggactt gatttttaaa atgtttataa tatgattagc
5051 atagttaaat aaaaaaagtt gaaaaattaa aaaaaaacat ataaacacaa
5101 atgatgtttt ttccttcaat ttcgggtacc gagctcgaat tctcttgagc
5151 ccgttaatga aatagataca attcattcat gttatataca tctagaacat
5201 aatctgaata tggttcaagt taaatgtcca aaaattataa aaagtgatga
5251 tatttttgat ggtaatacca taatagacac caaggtaaca tcacgaagta
5301 gtcaacaaaa taatttttat ttagaaaata cagatgttga accagaagaa
5351 atagagaaat ataaaaatat agaatacata ccagaaaacg atgaagtaat
5401 gcatctagac aaaaaagaaa agctagatga tatattacca ggtgttatca
5451 tattagataa aaataaaatg ttcaaagaaa aaggacattt cacttttgtt
5501 actccattaa ttgtagaaaa ggtattaata ttaaaaatat attgtgataa
5551 tactaaaaca ataattaata atatgaaagg gaaaaaaggt attacagtaa
5601 taaggatttc tcaaaataca acaaaaaata aattttatgg atgtgacttt
5651 tcaggtaatt ctaaaaaaac attttactat tccaatgttt atgatttaga
5701 aaaaaaaaat gagttttgtg aaatagaatt aaaagaaaat atagtagtta
5751 gcttaaattg tccaactggt aaaattaatc caaaaaattg ttttagaaat
5801 gtatatataa aaagtaatat gaatgaacaa acaaccgaaa atatagaaaa
5851 tatatttaac gaaataaaag ttatagatgc agattatttt ataaataatt
5901 catcaacctt tttgatgatt tccaaaatta caaaaaaaga gtttgatttt
5951 tattgtacat gtgaagatta taaaaccaaa aatataggaa caatatatat
6001 taaaaattat gaatatctag attcaaaacc taaatataaa aataaacaaa
6051 tttcctatat agatgtagtt ccatacccgc ggggaaaggg cg"
Restriction sites to linearize plasmid KspI (SacII)
Selectable marker used to select the mutant parasitegfp (FACS)
Promoter of the selectable markereef1a
Selection (positive) procedureFACS (flowsorting)
Selection (negative) procedureNo
Additional remarks genetic modificationThe GFP gene (1 copy) has been inserted into the 230p locus (PB000214.00.0) by double cross-over integration.
Additional remarks selection procedureThis reporter mutant expressing GFP does not contain a drug-selectable marker. This mutant has been selected by FACS sorting after transfection based on GFP fluorescence.
Other details transgene
Promoter
Gene Model of Parasite PBANKA_1133300
Gene Model P. falciparum ortholog PF3D7_1357100
Gene productelongation factor 1-alpha
Gene product: Alternative nameeef1a
Primer information details of the primers used for amplification of the promoter sequence  Click to view information
Primer information details of the primers used for amplification of the promoter sequence  Click to hide information
Sequence Primer 1
Additional information primer 1
Sequence Primer 2
Additional information primer 2
3'-UTR
Gene Model of Parasite PBANKA_0719300
Gene productbifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase, putative
Gene product: Alternative namedhfr/ts
Primer information details of the primers used for amplification the 3'-UTR sequences  Click to view information
Primer information details of the primers used for amplification the 3'-UTR sequences  Click to hide information
Sequence Primer 1
Additional information primer 1
Sequence Primer 2
Additional information primer 2
Insertion/Replacement locus
Replacement / InsertionReplacement locus
Gene Model of Parasite PBANKA_0306000
Gene product6-cysteine protein
Gene product: Alternative name230p
Primer information details of the primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to view information
Primer information details of the primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to hide information
Sequence Primer 15'-cccaagcttccgcgggtatatggtaaagaacctactaacac
Additional information primer 1primer L1345: 0.7kb 5'region of PB000214.00.0 (230p gene)
Sequence Primer 25'-cccaagcttgatgtgttttatttggatgtgc
Additional information primer 2primer L1346: 0.7kb 5'region of PB000214.00.0 (230p gene)
Sequence Primer 35'-ccggaattctcttgagcccgttaatg
Additional information primer 3primer L1347: 1kb 3'region of PB000214.00.0 (230p gene)
Sequence Primer 45'-tccccgcgggtatggaactacatctatatagg
Additional information primer 4primer L1348: 1kb 3'region of PB000214.00.0 (230p gene)