RMgmDB - Rodent Malaria genetically modified Parasites

Summary

RMgm-800
Malaria parasiteP. berghei
Genotype
TaggedGene model (rodent): PBANKA_1003000; Gene model (P.falciparum): PF3D7_0405300; Gene product: liver specific protein 2, putative | sequestrin | 6-cysteine protein (LISP2)
Name tag: mCherry
Transgene
Transgene not Plasmodium: GFP (gfp-mu3)
Promoter: Gene model: PBANKA_1133300; Gene model (P.falciparum): PF3D7_1357100; Gene product: elongation factor 1-alpha (eef1a)
3'UTR: Gene model: PBANKA_0719300; Gene product: bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase, putative (dhfr/ts)
Replacement locus: Gene model: PBANKA_0306000; Gene product: 6-cysteine protein (230p)
Phenotype Liver stage;
Last modified: 6 November 2013, 18:49
  *RMgm-800
Successful modificationThe parasite was generated by the genetic modification
The mutant contains the following genetic modification(s) Gene tagging, Introduction of a transgene
Reference (PubMed-PMID number) Reference 1 (PMID number) : 23216750
MR4 number
Parent parasite used to introduce the genetic modification
Rodent Malaria ParasiteP. berghei
Parent strain/lineP. berghei ANKA
Name parent line/clone P. berghei ANKA 507cl1 (RMgm-7)
Other information parent lineP.berghei ANKA 507cl1 (RMgm-7) is a reference ANKA mutant line which expresses GFP under control of a constitutive promoter. This reference line does not contain a drug-selectable marker (PubMed: PMID: 16242190).
The mutant parasite was generated by
Name PI/ResearcherY. Orito; T. Ishino; M. Yuda
Name Group/DepartmentDepartment of Medical Zoology
Name InstituteMie University School of Medicine
CityMie
CountryJapan
Name of the mutant parasite
RMgm numberRMgm-800
Principal nameLISP2::mCherry
Alternative name
Standardized name
Is the mutant parasite cloned after genetic modificationYes
Phenotype
Asexual blood stageNot different from wild type
Gametocyte/GameteNot different from wild type
Fertilization and ookineteNot different from wild type
OocystNot different from wild type
SporozoiteNot different from wild type
Liver stageLISP2::mCherry expression in liver stages.
Fluorescent signals were not observed at 12 hpi. At 24 hpi, weak mCherry signals were observed in a small proportion of parasites in the marginal space surrounding the GFP signals, i.e. were localized in PVM (parasitophorous vacuole membrane) and seemed confined in secretory vesicles. At 36 hpi, signals were observed in the periphery of the PVM of all LS parasites, and delineating particles inside the parasite cytoplasm. At 48 hpi, the distribution of fluorescent signal in schizonts was similar to that at 36 hpi, but a proportion of the parasites had already developed into the cytomere stage, in which mature schizonts enter the process of lobulation in preparation for merogony. At 53 hpi, when most parasites were in the cytomere stage, red fluorescent particles inside PV had decreased significantly. Fluorescent signals were distributed evenly in the vacuolar space around the lobular structure of the cytomere stage. These results suggested that, following synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), LISP2 was carried by secretory vesicles through the cytoplasm of parasites to the vacuolar space, where it was released (see also 'Additional information).
Additional remarks phenotype

Mutant/mutation
The mutant expresses a C-terminal tagged version of LISP2 and GFP under the control of the constitutive promoter of the elongation factor 1 alpha (eef1a) gene of P. berghei.

Protein (function)
PBANKA_100300 encodes a 2172 amino acid protein with a large repeat region of approximately 1000 amino acids. This region is composed of several repeat motifs, particularly 12 copies of a 56-amino acid motif. Analyses of the amino acid sequence with various structure analysis tools indicates that it has an N-terminal signal sequence but no other motifs for membrane association such as transmembrane domains or a GPI-anchor motif, suggesting that the encoded product has the structure of a secreted protein. It contains a predicted Plasmodium 6-cysteine motif. Several studies analysing expression of this protein in P. berghei (RMgm-593, RMgm-799) provide evidence for specific expression in liver stages. The protein has been named LISP2 and sequestrin.
Analyses of a mutant lacking expression of LISP (RMgm-799) indicate that the protein is involved in the development of maturing liver stages. Evidence is presented that the absence of LISP2 impairs merozoite formation in liver schizonts.

Phenotype
Analyses of a mutant lacking expression of LISP (RMgm-799) indicate that the protein is involved in the development of maturing liver stages. Evidence is presented that the absence of LISP2 impairs merozoite formation in liver schizonts.

mCherry:LISP2 is expressed in maturing liver stages. Evidence is presented for export to the parasitophorous vacuole (membrane). Additional analyses using anti-LISP2 antibodies provide evidence for for export of LISP2 into to the cytoplasm and nucleus of host hepatocytes.

Additional information
To investigate whether both proteins are exported through the same pathway, LISP2::mCherry parasites were double stained for mCherry and LISP1. At 42 hpi, secretory vesicle-like particles were detected inside the parasites with anti-LISP1 antibodies. Vesicles stained with anti-mCherry antibodies overlapped with anti-LISP1 antibodies, indicating that these two proteins were exported by the same vesicles. Magnifying the view clearly showed that LISP2 is surrounded by LISP1, suggesting that the membrane, with which LISP1 was associated, bound the vesicles. The membrane stained with anti-LISP1 antibodies also surrounded vesicles on the PVM. At 53 hpi, the space formed between the meroblasts and PVM was filled with LISP2. Vesicles were mainly located on the PVM and surrounded by the membrane stained with anti-LISP1 antibodies, as at 42 hpi. At this stage, the PVM was stained more clearly with anti-LISP1 antibodies than that at 42 hpi, suggesting that LISP1 accumulated in the PVM.
Immunofluorescence analysis of LISP expression using anti-LISP2 antibodies at 48 hpi showed strong signals in the infected HepG2 cells and LS parasites, which was quite different from the observation using the LISP2::mCherry parasites. The complex shape of the host cells was clearly marked by antibody in infected, but not uninfected HepG2 cells, indicating that LISP2 was exported to the host cell and distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Importantly, LISP2 was also localized in the nucleus of all infected HepG2 cells, and the signals in the nucleus were stronger than those in the cytoplasm. This distribution suggested that LISP2 was actively transported from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of the host cell. At 55 hpi, while most parasites had developed into the cytomere stage, signals were observed in the host cell and in PV space surrounding the cytomere, as observed in LISP2::mCherry parasites, and secretory vesicles were scarcely observed in parasites. Therefore LISP2 appears to be produced in the schizont stage, immediately carried to the host cell through the PVM, distributed in the cytoplasm and transported to the nucleus. 

Evidence is presented in this study for processing of LISP2 before export into the host hepatocyte which may explain the different locations of mCherry::LISP2 (as shown by fluorescence microscopy) and LISP2 (as show by immuno-fluorescence microscopy using LISP2-antibodies)

Other mutants
RMgm-593 - A mutant expressing GFP under the control of the promoter of PBANKA_100300 (named lisp2 or sequestrin)
RMgm-799 - A mutant lacking expression of PBANKA_100300 (named lisp2 or sequestrin)


  Tagged: Mutant parasite with a tagged gene
Details of the target gene
Gene Model of Rodent Parasite PBANKA_1003000
Gene Model P. falciparum ortholog PF3D7_0405300
Gene productliver specific protein 2, putative | sequestrin | 6-cysteine protein
Gene product: Alternative nameLISP2
Details of the genetic modification
Name of the tagmCherry
Details of taggingC-terminal
Additional remarks: tagging
Commercial source of tag-antibodies
Type of plasmid/constructPlasmid double cross-over
PlasmoGEM (Sanger) construct/vector usedNo
Modified PlasmoGEM construct/vector usedNo
Plasmid/construct map
Plasmid/construct sequence
Restriction sites to linearize plasmid
Selectable marker used to select the mutant parasitehdhfr
Promoter of the selectable markerpbdhfr
Selection (positive) procedurepyrimethamine
Selection (negative) procedureNo
Additional remarks genetic modification
Additional remarks selection procedure
Primer information: Primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to view information
Primer information: Primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to hide information
Sequence Primer 1aaactcgagCTGAATATGAAGAATTTGAACCATTG
Additional information primer 1LISP2 mCherry fusion 5 forward
Sequence Primer 2aaagctagcTTGTTTTCTTCTTGGAATAATACCTTC
Additional information primer 2LISP2 mCherry fusion 5 reverse
Sequence Primer 3aaaggatccAGAGCTACCAAAATTTAAAGAAAATCC
Additional information primer 3LISP2 mCherry fusion 3 forward
Sequence Primer 4aaaagcggccgcAATAAAATATTTTGTTCTTGCACAAATCTC
Additional information primer 4LISP2 mCherry fusion 3 reverse
Sequence Primer 5
Additional information primer 5
Sequence Primer 6
Additional information primer 6

  Transgene: Mutant parasite expressing a transgene
Type and details of transgene
Is the transgene Plasmodium derived Transgene: not Plasmodium
Transgene nameGFP (gfp-mu3)
Details of the genetic modification
Inducable system usedNo
Additional remarks inducable system
Type of plasmid/constructPlasmid double cross-over
PlasmoGEM (Sanger) construct/vector usedNo
Modified PlasmoGEM construct/vector usedNo
Plasmid/construct map
Click to view information
Click to hide information
Plasmid/construct sequence
Click to view information
Click to hide information
" 1 aattcactgg ccgtcgtttt acaacgtcgt gactgggaaa accctggcgt
51 tacccaactt aatcgccttg cagcacatcc ccctttcgcc agctggcgta
101 atagcgaaga ggcccgcacc gatcgccctt cccaacagtt gcgcagcctg
151 aatggcgaat ggcgcctgat gcggtatttt ctccttacgc atctgtgcgg
201 tatttcacac cgcatatggt gcactctcag tacaatctgc tctgatgccg
251 catagttaag ccagccccga cacccgccaa cacccgctga cgcgccctga
301 cgggcttgtc tgctcccggc atccgcttac agacaagctg tgaccgtctc
351 cgggagctgc atgtgtcaga ggttttcacc gtcatcaccg aaacgcgcga
401 gacgaaaggg cctcgtgata cgcctatttt tataggttaa tgtcatgata
451 ataatggttt cttagacgtc aggtggcact tttcggggaa atgtgcgcgg
501 aacccctatt tgtttatttt tctaaataca ttcaaatatg tatccgctca
551 tgagacaata accctgataa atgcttcaat aatattgaaa aaggaagagt
601 atgagtattc aacatttccg tgtcgccctt attccctttt ttgcggcatt
651 ttgccttcct gtttttgctc acccagaaac gctggtgaaa gtaaaagatg
701 ctgaagatca gttgggtgca cgagtgggtt acatcgaact ggatctcaac
751 agcggtaaga tccttgagag ttttcgcccc gaagaacgtt ttccaatgat
801 gagcactttt aaagttctgc tatgtggcgc ggtattatcc cgtattgacg
851 ccgggcaaga gcaactcggt cgccgcatac actattctca gaatgacttg
901 gttgagtact caccagtcac agaaaagcat cttacggatg gcatgacagt
951 aagagaatta tgcagtgctg ccataaccat gagtgataac actgcggcca
1001 acttacttct gacaacgatc ggaggaccga aggagctaac cgcttttttg
1051 cacaacatgg gggatcatgt aactcgcctt gatcgttggg aaccggagct
1101 gaatgaagcc ataccaaacg acgagcgtga caccacgatg cctgtagcaa
1151 tggcaacaac gttgcgcaaa ctattaactg gcgaactact tactctagct
1201 tcccggcaac aattaataga ctggatggag gcggataaag ttgcaggacc
1251 acttctgcgc tcggcccttc cggctggctg gtttattgct gataaatctg
1301 gagccggtga gcgtgggtct cgcggtatca ttgcagcact ggggccagat
1351 ggtaagccct cccgtatcgt agttatctac acgacgggga gtcaggcaac
1401 tatggatgaa cgaaatagac agatcgctga gataggtgcc tcactgatta
1451 agcattggta actgtcagac caagtttact catatatact ttagattgat
1501 ttaaaacttc atttttaatt taaaaggatc taggtgaaga tcctttttga
1551 taatctcatg accaaaatcc cttaacgtga gttttcgttc cactgagcgt
1601 cagaccccgt agaaaagatc aaaggatctt cttgagatcc tttttttctg
1651 cgcgtaatct gctgcttgca aacaaaaaaa ccaccgctac cagcggtggt
1701 ttgtttgccg gatcaagagc taccaactct ttttccgaag gtaactggct
1751 tcagcagagc gcagatacca aatactgtcc ttctagtgta gccgtagtta
1801 ggccaccact tcaagaactc tgtagcaccg cctacatacc tcgctctgct
1851 aatcctgtta ccagtggctg ctgccagtgg cgataagtcg tgtcttaccg
1901 ggttggactc aagacgatag ttaccggata aggcgcagcg gtcgggctga
1951 acggggggtt cgtgcacaca gcccagcttg gagcgaacga cctacaccga
2001 actgagatac ctacagcgtg agcattgaga aagcgccacg cttcccgaag
2051 ggagaaaggc ggacaggtat ccggtaagcg gcagggtcgg aacaggagag
2101 cgcacgaggg agcttccagg gggaaacgcc tggtatcttt atagtcctgt
2151 cgggtttcgc cacctctgac ttgagcgtcg atttttgtga tgctcgtcag
2201 gggggcggag cctatggaaa aacgccagca acgcggcctt tttacggttc
2251 ctggcctttt gctggccttt tgctcacatg ttctttcctg cgttatcccc
2301 tgattctgtg gataaccgta ttaccgcctt tgagtgagct gataccgctc
2351 gccgcagccg aacgaccgag cgcagcgagt cagtgagcga ggaagcggaa
2401 gagcgcccaa tacgcaaacc gcctctcccc gcgcgttggc cgattcatta
2451 atgcagctgg cacgacaggt ttcccgactg gaaagcgggc agtgagcgca
2501 acgcaattaa tgtgagttag ctcactcatt aggcacccca ggctttacac
2551 tttatgcttc cggctcgtat gttgtgtgga attgtgagcg gataacaatt
2601 tcacacagga aacagctatg accatgatta cgccaagctt ccgcgggtat
2651 atggtaaaga acctactaac acaataaaat atttaaataa tgtatttcct
2701 ataaataaat ttacagattt attttttaat acaaaagata tagatatacc
2751 agaaataaat gatcagttta aaggttttaa attctttatg acatcattta
2801 taaatcatgg atcatatcca ctaacaatag aatgtggtgt aacaaatggt
2851 ggaactagtt ataaaagagc aattatttta ttgcatgttc gaactgattt
2901 aaaagataga ccagtttcat tttgtgattt tcgaaaagga gaattatata
2951 attatttgaa tgcttatact gaaggggatg tatgcataat aatttccaaa
3001 tcaaatacaa gttttggttt tagatgccca gtaaatacaa aaaaaatgcc
3051 aaaaaattgt tttacgcaag tatatgaaaa agggtatcta aatgacgcca
3101 ataaaattaa tactaaaaat gttattaact attcatttga aaatccagaa
3151 tatgcgctag ctggttytaa ttatacatta acaaaatcgt atcaatttga
3201 atgtcattgt gtagataaag aaacagaaca aattgtaaaa acggttttag
3251 tcaaatatgt aaatgaagat gaaatatatg attataatga ttttccaatg
3301 gtgaatcaca aacctattat tgcacatcca aataaaacac atcaagcttg
3351 catgcctgca gcccagctta attcttttcg agctctttat gcttaagttt
3401 acaatttaat attcatactt taagtatttt ttgtagtatc ctagatattg
3451 tgctttaaat gctcacccct caaagcacca gtaatatttt catccactga
3501 aataccatta aattttcaaa aaaatactat gcatataatg ttatacatat
3551 aaacataaaa cgccatgtaa atcaaaaaat atataaaaat atgtataaaa
3601 ataaatatgc actaaatata agctaattat gcataaaaat taaagtgccc
3651 tttattaact agtcgtaatt atttatattt ctatgttata aaaaaatcct
3701 catataataa tataattaat atatgtaatg ttttttttat tttataattt
3751 taatataaaa taatatgtaa attaattcaa aaaataaata taattgttgt
3801 gaaacaaaaa acgtaatttt ttcatttgcc ttcaaaattt aaatttattt
3851 taatatttcc taaaatatat atactttgtg tataaatata taaaaatata
3901 tatttgctta taaataaata aaaaatttta taaaacatag ggggatccat
3951 gagtaaagga gaagaacttt tcactggagt tgtcccaatt cttgttgaat
4001 tagatggtga tgttaatggg cacaaatttt ctgtcagtgg agagggtgaa
4051 ggtgatgcaa catacggaaa acttaccctt aaatttattt gcactactgg
4101 aaaactacct gttccatggc caacacttgt cactactttc ggttatggtg
4151 ttcaatgctt tgcgagatac ccagatcata tgaaacagca tgactttttc
4201 aagagtgcca tgcccgaagg ttatgtacag gaaagaacta tatttttcaa
4251 agatgacggg aactacaaga cacgtgctga agtcaagttt gaaggtgata
4301 cccttgttaa tagaatcgag ttaaaaggta ttgattttaa agaagatgga
4351 aacattcttg gacacaaatt ggaatacaac tataactcac acaatgtata
4401 catcatggca gacaaacaaa agaatggaat caaagttaac ttcaaaatta
4451 gacacaacat tgaagatgga agcgttcaac tagcagacca ttatcaacaa
4501 aatactccaa ttggcgatgg ccctgtcctt ttaccagaca accattacct
4551 gtccacacaa tctgcccttt cgaaagatcc caacgaaaag agagaccaca
4601 tggtccttct tgagtttgta acagctgctg ggattacaca tggcatggat
4651 gaactataca aataaatgga tcccgttttt cttacttata tatttatacc
4701 aattgattgt atttataact gtaaaaatgt gtatgttgtg tgcatatttt
4751 tttttgtgca tgcacatgca tgtaaatagc taaaattatg aacattttat
4801 tttttgttca gaaaaaaaaa actttacaca cataaaatgg ctagtatgaa
4851 tagccatatt ttatataaat taaatcctat gaatttatga ccatattaaa
4901 aatttagata tttatggaac ataatatgtt tgaaacaata agacaaaatt
4951 attattatta ttattatttt tactgttata attatgttgt ctcttcaatg
5001 attcataaat agttggactt gatttttaaa atgtttataa tatgattagc
5051 atagttaaat aaaaaaagtt gaaaaattaa aaaaaaacat ataaacacaa
5101 atgatgtttt ttccttcaat ttcgggtacc gagctcgaat tctcttgagc
5151 ccgttaatga aatagataca attcattcat gttatataca tctagaacat
5201 aatctgaata tggttcaagt taaatgtcca aaaattataa aaagtgatga
5251 tatttttgat ggtaatacca taatagacac caaggtaaca tcacgaagta
5301 gtcaacaaaa taatttttat ttagaaaata cagatgttga accagaagaa
5351 atagagaaat ataaaaatat agaatacata ccagaaaacg atgaagtaat
5401 gcatctagac aaaaaagaaa agctagatga tatattacca ggtgttatca
5451 tattagataa aaataaaatg ttcaaagaaa aaggacattt cacttttgtt
5501 actccattaa ttgtagaaaa ggtattaata ttaaaaatat attgtgataa
5551 tactaaaaca ataattaata atatgaaagg gaaaaaaggt attacagtaa
5601 taaggatttc tcaaaataca acaaaaaata aattttatgg atgtgacttt
5651 tcaggtaatt ctaaaaaaac attttactat tccaatgttt atgatttaga
5701 aaaaaaaaat gagttttgtg aaatagaatt aaaagaaaat atagtagtta
5751 gcttaaattg tccaactggt aaaattaatc caaaaaattg ttttagaaat
5801 gtatatataa aaagtaatat gaatgaacaa acaaccgaaa atatagaaaa
5851 tatatttaac gaaataaaag ttatagatgc agattatttt ataaataatt
5901 catcaacctt tttgatgatt tccaaaatta caaaaaaaga gtttgatttt
5951 tattgtacat gtgaagatta taaaaccaaa aatataggaa caatatatat
6001 taaaaattat gaatatctag attcaaaacc taaatataaa aataaacaaa
6051 tttcctatat agatgtagtt ccatacccgc ggggaaaggg cg"
Restriction sites to linearize plasmid KspI (SacII)
Selectable marker used to select the mutant parasitegfp (FACS)
Promoter of the selectable markereef1a
Selection (positive) procedureFACS (flowsorting)
Selection (negative) procedureNo
Additional remarks genetic modificationThe GFP gene (1 copy) has been inserted into the 230p locus (PBANKA_030600) by double cross-over integration.
Additional remarks selection procedureThis reporter mutant expressing GFP does not contain a drug-selectable marker. This mutant has been selected by FACS sorting after transfection based on GFP fluorescence.
Other details transgene
Promoter
Gene Model of Parasite PBANKA_1133300
Gene Model P. falciparum ortholog PF3D7_1357100
Gene productelongation factor 1-alpha
Gene product: Alternative nameeef1a
Primer information details of the primers used for amplification of the promoter sequence  Click to view information
Primer information details of the primers used for amplification of the promoter sequence  Click to hide information
Sequence Primer 1
Additional information primer 1
Sequence Primer 2
Additional information primer 2
3'-UTR
Gene Model of Parasite PBANKA_0719300
Gene productbifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase, putative
Gene product: Alternative namedhfr/ts
Primer information details of the primers used for amplification the 3'-UTR sequences  Click to view information
Primer information details of the primers used for amplification the 3'-UTR sequences  Click to hide information
Sequence Primer 1
Additional information primer 1
Sequence Primer 2
Additional information primer 2
Insertion/Replacement locus
Replacement / InsertionReplacement locus
Gene Model of Parasite PBANKA_0306000
Gene product6-cysteine protein
Gene product: Alternative name230p
Primer information details of the primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to view information
Primer information details of the primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to hide information
Sequence Primer 15'-cccaagcttccgcgggtatatggtaaagaacctactaacac
Additional information primer 1primer L1345: 0.7kb 5'region of PBANKA_030600 (230p gene)
Sequence Primer 25'-cccaagcttgatgtgttttatttggatgtgc
Additional information primer 2primer L1346: 0.7kb 5'region of PBANKA_030600 (230p gene)
Sequence Primer 35'-ccggaattctcttgagcccgttaatg
Additional information primer 3primer L1347: 1kb 3'region of PBANKA_030600 (230p gene)
Sequence Primer 45'-tccccgcgggtatggaactacatctatatagg
Additional information primer 4primer L1348: 1kb 3'region of PBANKA_030600 (230p gene)