RMgmDB - Rodent Malaria genetically modified Parasites

Summary

RMgm-5240
Malaria parasiteP. berghei
Genotype
TaggedGene model (rodent): PBANKA_1310200; Gene model (P.falciparum): PF3D7_1446500; Gene product: nucleoporin NUP313, putative (NUP313)
Name tag: TurboID-3XHA
Phenotype Asexual bloodstage;
Last modified: 21 September 2022, 16:07
  *RMgm-5240
Successful modificationThe parasite was generated by the genetic modification
The mutant contains the following genetic modification(s) Gene tagging
Reference (PubMed-PMID number) Reference 1 (PMID number) : 36040030
MR4 number
Parent parasite used to introduce the genetic modification
Rodent Malaria ParasiteP. berghei
Parent strain/lineP. berghei ANKA
Name parent line/clone P. berghei ANKA 2.34
Other information parent lineP. berghei ANKA 2.34 is a cloned, gametocyte producer line of the ANKA strain (PubMed: PMID: 15137943).
The mutant parasite was generated by
Name PI/ResearcherAmbekar, SV, Mair GR
Name Group/DepartmentBiomedical Sciences,
Name InstituteIowa State University
CityAmes
CountryUSA
Name of the mutant parasite
RMgm numberRMgm-5240
Principal nameNup313::TurboID
Alternative name
Standardized name
Is the mutant parasite cloned after genetic modificationYes
Phenotype
Asexual blood stageFollowing the successful establishment of TurboID as an efficient in vivo proximity labeling tool in P. berghei, we extended our study to the 4 remaining Plasmodium FG-Nups 205, 221, 313, and 637. Apart from Nup637, each of the FG-Nups has previously been localized by fluorescent protein tagging to the nuclear periphery in P. berghei. Analogous to TurboID-tagging of Nup138, we transfected linearized plasmid constructs promoting integration into the P. berghei genome, thus maintaining expression of each fusion under the control of the endogenous promoter. With similar, coordinated transcription levels of all FG-Nups across the P. berghei intraerythrocytic developmental cycle, Nup205::turboid-HA, Nup221::turboid-HA, Nup313::turboid-HA, and Nup637::turboid-HA could be mapped to the nuclear periphery by anti-HA immunofluorescence assay as well as streptavidin staining. For the first time, we could confirm the localization of Nup637 at the nuclear periphery
Gametocyte/GameteNot tested
Fertilization and ookineteNot tested
OocystNot tested
SporozoiteNot tested
Liver stageNot tested
Additional remarks phenotype

Mutant/mutation
In the paper different mutants are described that express NUPs, C-terminally tagged with different TurboID. These NUPs are: NUP205 (PBANKA_1140100), NUP221 (PBANKA_0416300), NUP313 (PBANKA_1310200) and NUP637 (PBANKA_0107600)

Protein (function)
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a large macromolecular assembly of around 30 different proteins, so-called nucleoporins (Nups). Nups are classified into two major groups: Firstly, the intrinsically disordered Nups with frequent FG (phenylalanine-glycine) repeats that line the central channel and interact with translocating cargo complexes. Secondly scaffold Nups that make up the cylindrical architecture grouped around the central channel. Transmembrane (TM) Nups – NDC1, GP210 and POM121 – anchor the NPC within the nuclear membrane.
In P. falciparum during the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle 3–7 nuclear pores are present per nucleus in early ring stage parasites. As the parasite grows the number increases transiently up to 60 in the trophozoite before they are being distributed among the 16–32 daughter progeny. 
In Plasmodium only two putative Nup homologs had been identified: PBANKA_1445400 (SEC13, previously characterized in P. falciparum) and PBANKA_ 0416300. Failing to identify further Nups by primary sequence homology to yeast or human Nups,  the P. berghei genome was scanned for proteins containing FG di-amino-acid repeats. This screen revealed PBANKA_0416300 (Nup100), PBANKA_0107600, PBANKA_0417900, PBANKA_1140100 and PBANKA_1310200 as potential FG-Nups
In this paper the following NUPs are identified:
NUP138, PBANKA_0417900
NUP205, PBANKA_1140100
NUP221, PBANKA_0416300
NUP313, PBANKA_1310200
NUP637; PBANKA_0107600
NUP176, PBANKA_1365100
NUP269, PBANKA_1454600
NUP335, PBANKA_0807900
NUP390, PBANKA_0309200
NUP434 PBANKA_0309400

Phenotype
Following the successful establishment of TurboID as an efficient in vivo proximity labeling tool in P. berghei, we extended our study to the 4 remaining Plasmodium FG-Nups 205, 221, 313, and 637. Apart from Nup637, each of the FG-Nups has previously been localized by fluorescent protein tagging to the nuclear periphery in P. berghei. Analogous to TurboID-tagging of Nup138, we transfected linearized plasmid constructs promoting integration into the P. berghei genome, thus maintaining expression of each fusion under the control of the endogenous promoter. With similar, coordinated transcription levels of all FG-Nups across the P. berghei intraerythrocytic developmental cycle, Nup205::turboid-HA, Nup221::turboid-HA, Nup313::turboid-HA, and Nup637::turboid-HA could be mapped to the nuclear periphery by anti-HA immunofluorescence assay as well as streptavidin staining. For the first time, we could confirm the localization of Nup637 at the nuclear periphery

Additional information
Mass-spectrometric analysis of nup313::turboid proximity-labeled parasite lysates identifies known and novel Plasmodium berghei NPC components. proteins identified included the bait protein Nup313 as well as all 5 FG-Nups 138, 205, 221, 313, and 637 but not Sec13 (PBANKA_1445400). Of the 88 detected proteins, 41 contained a predicted nuclear localization signal; this included all known FG-Nups apart from Nup138. Of the 88 proteins 38 had been detected in the nuclear core proteome of P. falciparum, including all FG-Nups.

With an aim to identifying novel Nups, we focused on 8 proteins within our data set that were conserved among Plasmodium spp. but lacked functional annotation: PBANKA_0309200, PBANKA_0309400, PBANKA_0609700, PBANKA_0807900, PBANKA_1211700, PBANKA_1365100, PBANKA_1404700, and PBANKA_1454600. Of those, PBANKA_1211700 and PBANKA_1404700 contained predicted signal peptides and were not pursued any further. Among the remaining candidates, PBANKA_0309200, PBANKA_0309400, and PBANKA_1365100 were similar in spectral abundance (NSAF) to the bait, Nup313. As a first step toward their characterization, we performed C-terminal GFP-tagging with genomic integration to establish their subcellular localization; turboID-HA tagging was used for PBANKA_0309400 as GFP-tagging failed repeatedly (n = 5). Five of the 6 candidate proteins localized to the nuclear periphery typical for FG-repeat nucleoporins in P. berghei. In contrast, PBANKA_0609700 presented a diffuse cytoplasmic localization despite the presence of four predicted transmembrane domains. Apart from the localization to the nuclear periphery, the transcriptome profiles of the new nucleoporins were similar to those of the 5 annotated FG-Nups with the exception of Nup335. We forthwith refer to these newly identified P. berghei nucleoporins according to their predicted molecular weights in kDa as: NUP176 (PBANKA_1365100), NUP269 (PBANKA_1454600), NUP335 (PBANKA_0807900), NUP390 (PBANKA_0309200), NUP434 (PBANKA_0309400).

Other mutants

 


  Tagged: Mutant parasite with a tagged gene
Details of the target gene
Gene Model of Rodent Parasite PBANKA_1310200
Gene Model P. falciparum ortholog PF3D7_1446500
Gene productnucleoporin NUP313, putative
Gene product: Alternative nameNUP313
Details of the genetic modification
Name of the tagTurboID-3XHA
Details of taggingC-terminal
Additional remarks: tagging
Commercial source of tag-antibodies
Type of plasmid/construct(Linear) plasmid single cross-over
PlasmoGEM (Sanger) construct/vector usedNo
Modified PlasmoGEM construct/vector usedNo
Plasmid/construct map
Plasmid/construct sequence
Restriction sites to linearize plasmid
Selectable marker used to select the mutant parasitetgdhfr
Promoter of the selectable markereef1a
Selection (positive) procedurepyrimethamine
Selection (negative) procedureNo
Additional remarks genetic modificationFor comparison of various biotin ligases, nucleoporin 138 (Nup138) was used as the bait protein. The C-terminal region of the gene was PCR-amplified from P. berghei genomic DNA using Q5 High-Fidelity DNA polymerase. BioID2-3XHA was obtained from Addgene (#74224) and was fused in-frame to the C-terminal end of the Nup138 resulting in plasmid pLIS0574 which also contains the Toxoplasma gondii DHFR selection marker. Each Nup138 tagging construct includes a 1,848 bp fragment encoding the C-terminal region of the 3,714 bp long gene to promote homologous recombination. Similarly, another fusion protein plasmid was made with the same bait protein but with a 13X GGGGS linker between the C-terminus of the protein and BioID2. TurboID-3XHA (Addgene #107171) was fused in-frame to the C-terminal end of the Nup138 using the plasmid pLIS0574; likewise mini-TurboID-3XHA (Addgene #107172) and BirA* (12). As a wild-type control, we used the 2.34 P. berghei clone containing none of the biotin ligases. To ensure that the nuclear periphery-specific signal was from the biotin ligase fused to Nup138, we constructed a plasmid with the promoter sequence of Nup138 and TurboID as a negative control. All cloning was carried out either with T4 DNA ligase or NEBuilder HiFi (NEB).
Additional remarks selection procedure
Primer information: Primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to view information
Primer information: Primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to hide information
Sequence Primer 1
Additional information primer 1
Sequence Primer 2
Additional information primer 2
Sequence Primer 3
Additional information primer 3
Sequence Primer 4
Additional information primer 4
Sequence Primer 5
Additional information primer 5
Sequence Primer 6
Additional information primer 6