RMgmDB - Rodent Malaria genetically modified Parasites

Summary

RMgm-5000
Malaria parasiteP. berghei
Genotype
TaggedGene model (rodent): PBANKA_0201700; Gene model (P.falciparum): PF3D7_0112100; Gene product: PIMMS1 protein (PIMMS1)
Name tag: GFP
Phenotype Fertilization and ookinete; Oocyst; Sporozoite;
Last modified: 24 May 2021, 15:36
  *RMgm-5000
Successful modificationThe parasite was generated by the genetic modification
The mutant contains the following genetic modification(s) Gene tagging
Reference (PubMed-PMID number) Reference 1 (PMID number) : 33791240
MR4 number
Parent parasite used to introduce the genetic modification
Rodent Malaria ParasiteP. berghei
Parent strain/lineP. berghei ANKA
Name parent line/clone P. berghei ANKA 2.34
Other information parent lineP. berghei ANKA 2.34 is a cloned, gametocyte producer line of the ANKA strain (PubMed: PMID: 15137943).
The mutant parasite was generated by
Name PI/ResearcherUkegbu CV, Vlachou D
Name Group/DepartmentDepartment of Life Sciences
Name InstituteImperial College London
CityLondon
CountryUK
Name of the mutant parasite
RMgm numberRMgm-5000
Principal namec01::gfp
Alternative name
Standardized name
Is the mutant parasite cloned after genetic modificationYes
Phenotype
Asexual blood stageNot different from wild type
Gametocyte/GameteNot different from wild type
Fertilization and ookineteSee additional information below
OocystSeverely reduced sporozoite numbers, suggesting that insertion of GFP compromises the function of the protein.
SporozoiteSeverely reduced sporozoite numbers, suggesting that insertion of GFP compromises the function of the protein.
Liver stageNot tested
Additional remarks phenotype

Mutant/mutation
The mutant c01::gfp lacks expresses a C-terminal GFP-tagged version of PIMMS01

Protein (function)
PfPIMMS01 encodes a 163 amino acid-long protein (19 kDa) with a predicted signal peptide (aa 1–27). Its P. berghei orthologue, PbPIMMS01, encodes a much shorter 85 amino acid-long protein (9 kDa) and also contains a predicted signal peptide (aa 1–26). This suggests that both proteins are putatively secreted. While the central part of the deduced protein is highly conserved between all PIMMS01 orthologues, all rodent PIMMS01 proteins are shorter than their orthologues in human parasites, lacking the entire second half of the protein. InterPro domain analysis revealed no recognizable domain, and BLAST searches showed that the protein is Plasmodium specific.  

Phenotype
Severely reduced sporozoite numbers, suggesting that insertion of GFP compromises the function of the  protein. Also HA-tagging resulted in reduced oocyst and sporozoite numbers.
See RMgm-4997 for a mutant lacking expression of PIMMS01, showing reduced oocyst and sporozoite formation

Additional information
Three genes were selected for analysis that exhibit highly abundant transcripts 24 h post blood feeding in the midguts of Anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes.
 
PIMMS01: PF3D7_0112100; PBANKA_0201700 
PIMMS57: PF3D7_1244500; PBANKA_1457700
PIMMS22: PF3D7_0814600; PBANKA_1422900 
((PIMMS: Plasmodium Infection of the Mosquito Midgut Screen)

PbPIMMS01 and PbPIMMS57 transcripts were highly abundant in purified mature ookinetes and not detectable in mixed blood stages and purified gametocytes. While PbPIMMS57 appears to be specific for ookinetes, low levels of PbPIMMS01 transcripts are also detected in mature oocysts and midgut sporozoites at 10 days and 15 days post blood-feeding. Like PfPIMMS22, expression of PbPIMMS22 starts in gametocytes and continues at high levels at 24 hour and peaks in midgut sporozoites at day 15.

Western blot analysis using an a-GFP antibody on the nonfunctional c01::gfp line confirmed high levels of PbPIMMS01::GFP fusion protein at the expected molecular weight. The protein was found to be highly expressed in mature ookinetes of the c01::gfp line and be absent from blood stages or gametocytes or any stage of the ANKA 2.34 background. Similarly, western blot analysis on the c01::3xha transgenic line using an a-HA antibody confirmed expression of the PbPIMMS01::3xHA fusion protein in the ookinete at the expected molecular weights and absence from gametocytes. The protein was only detected in the Triton X100 soluble fraction suggesting that it is not membrane associated. Despite the strong evidence that the PbPIMMS01 GFP- and HA-tagged proteins are non-functional, these are still likely to be localised incorrectly. IFAs on the developmentally compromised c01::gfp and c01::3xha transgenic lines revealed strong cytoplasmic localization of both PbPIMMS01::GFP and PbPIMMS01::3xHA, which indicates that the protein may be stuck in a secretory pathway and suggests that the native polypeptide may be associated with the ookinete outer membrane especially during invasion. Peptide antibodies raised against P. berghei PIMMS01 did not work in western blots and IFAs.

From the abstract:
PIMMS01 and PIMMS57 are specifically and highly expressed in ookinetes, while PIMMS22 transcription starts already in gametocytes and peaks in sporozoites. All three genes show strong phenotypes associated with the ookinete to oocyst transition, as their disruption leads to very low numbers of oocysts and complete abolishment of transmission. PIMMS22 has a secondary essential function in the oocyst. 

Other mutants

 


  Tagged: Mutant parasite with a tagged gene
Details of the target gene
Gene Model of Rodent Parasite PBANKA_0201700
Gene Model P. falciparum ortholog PF3D7_0112100
Gene productPIMMS1 protein
Gene product: Alternative namePIMMS1
Details of the genetic modification
Name of the tagGFP
Details of taggingC-terminal
Additional remarks: tagging
Commercial source of tag-antibodies
Type of plasmid/construct(Linear) plasmid double cross-over
PlasmoGEM (Sanger) construct/vector usedNo
Modified PlasmoGEM construct/vector usedNo
Plasmid/construct map
Plasmid/construct sequence
Restriction sites to linearize plasmid
Selectable marker used to select the mutant parasitetgdhfr
Promoter of the selectable markerpbdhfr
Selection (positive) procedurepyrimethamine
Selection (negative) procedureNo
Additional remarks genetic modificationFor GFP tagging of Pbc01 in the 2.34 line, a 603 bp ApaI/HindIII 5’ and a 770 bp EcoRI/BamHI 3’ homology arm region were amplified from P. berghei 2.34 genomic DNA using the primer pairs P1/P2 and P3/P4, respectively. For GFP tagging of Pbc57 in the 2.34 line, a 919 bp ApaI/SacII 5’ homology arm corresponding to the most 3’ region of the CDS without the stop codon and a 359 bp XhoI/XmaI 3’ homology arm region corresponding to the 3’ UTR of the gene were amplified using the primer pairs P5/P6 and P7/P8, respectively. For GFP tagging of Pbc22 in the 2.34 line, a 753 bp ApaI/HindIII 5’ homology arm corresponding to the most 3’ region of the CDS without the stop codon and a 530 bp EcoRI/BamHI 3’ homology arm region corresponding to the 3’ UTR of the gene were amplified using the primer pairs P9/P10 and P11/P12, respectively. The Pbc01 and Pbc22 fragments were cloned into the pBS-TgDHFR vector which carries a modified Toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate gene (TgDHFR/TS) cassette that confers resistance to pyrimethamine (Dessens et al., 1999). The Pbc57 fragments were cloned into plasmid pL0035 which carries the hDHFR selection cassette. Finally, to put GFP tag in frame with the 3’ region of the CDS, a HindIII or SacII GFP- P. berghei DHFR 3’UTR fragment was amplified from the pL00018 vector (MRA787, MR4) using primers P13/P14 or P15/P16, respectively.
Additional remarks selection procedure
Primer information: Primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to view information
Primer information: Primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to hide information
Sequence Primer 1
Additional information primer 1
Sequence Primer 2
Additional information primer 2
Sequence Primer 3
Additional information primer 3
Sequence Primer 4
Additional information primer 4
Sequence Primer 5
Additional information primer 5
Sequence Primer 6
Additional information primer 6