RMgmDB - Rodent Malaria genetically modified Parasites

Summary

RMgm-4488
Malaria parasiteP. yoelii
Genotype
TaggedGene model (rodent): PY17X_0619700; Gene model (P.falciparum): PF3D7_0719500; Gene product: LEM3/CDC50 family protein, putative (CDC50a)
Name tag: HA
Phenotype Asexual bloodstage;
Last modified: 4 September 2018, 10:06
  *RMgm-4488
Successful modificationThe parasite was generated by the genetic modification
The mutant contains the following genetic modification(s) Gene tagging
Reference (PubMed-PMID number) Reference 1 (PMID number) : 30146157
MR4 number
Parent parasite used to introduce the genetic modification
Rodent Malaria ParasiteP. yoelii
Parent strain/lineP. y. yoelii 17XNL
Name parent line/clone Not applicable
Other information parent line
The mutant parasite was generated by
Name PI/ResearcherGao H, Yuan J
Name Group/DepartmentState Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signal Network
Name InstituteSchool of Life Sciences, Xiamen University
CityXiamen, Fujian
CountryChina
Name of the mutant parasite
RMgm numberRMgm-4488
Principal namecdc50a::6HAc
Alternative name
Standardized name
Is the mutant parasite cloned after genetic modificationYes
Phenotype
Asexual blood stageCDC50A is exclusively expressed in gametocytes, zygotes, and ookinetes during the parasite life cycle and, similar to GCβ, polarized at the ‘‘ookinete extrados site’’ (OES) during zygote to ookinete development.
Gametocyte/GameteNot different from wild type
Fertilization and ookineteNot different from wild type
OocystNot different from wild type
SporozoiteNot different from wild type
Liver stageNot different from wild type
Additional remarks phenotype

Mutant/mutation
The mutant expresses cdc50a C-terminally tagged with 6HA
(in the paper mutants are described that express cdc50a tagged with mCherry, 3V5 and mScarlet)

Protein (function)

Phenotype
Wild type gametocyte production, ookinete production and morphology, oocyst production, sporozoite production and infectivity

CDC50A is exclusively expressed in gametocytes, zygotes, and ookinetes during the parasite life cycle and, similar to GCβ, polarized at the ‘‘ookinete extrados site’’ (OES) during zygote to ookinete development.

Additional information
This study describes a large number of mutants expressing tagged (mutated) versions of different proteins, gene-deletion mutants and mutants with mutated genes (see link).

genes tagged:
gcβ (PY17X_1138200), gcα (PY17X_0911700), pdeδ (PY17X_1338400), pkg (PY17X_1009800), cdc50a (PY17X_0619700), cdc50b (PY17X_0916600); imc1 (f,g,i,j,k,l,m), alvX (PY17X_1240600), isp1 (PY17X_1212600), isp3 (PY17X_1328100),

mtip (PY17X_1462100); ara1 (PY17X_1412750); myosinb (PY17X_0931400); soap (PY17X_1040200); dhhc10 (PY17X_0513100), mpodd (PY17X_1225400)

genes deleted:
gcβ (PY17X_1138200), cdc50a (PY17X_0619700), cdc50b (PY17X_0916600); cdpk3 (PY17X_0410700), pdeδ (PY17X_1338400), Δisp1 (PY17X_1212600)

P28M/Δcdc50a, Δcdc50a/Δgcβ, Δcdpk3/Δgcβ, Δcdpk3/Δcdc50a, Δpdeδ/Δgcβ, Δpdeδ/Δcdc50a,

Mutated GCβ
5 mutants

Analyses of these mutants showed the following (from the Abstract):
'Using real-time imaging to visualize Plasmodium yoelii guanylate cyclase β (GCβ), we show that cytoplasmic GCβ translocates and polarizes to the parasite plasma membrane at ‘‘ookinete extrados site’’ (OES) during zygote-to-ookinete differentiation. The polarization of enzymatic active GCβ at OES initiates gliding of matured ookinete. Both the P4-ATPase-like domain and guanylate cyclase domain are required for GCβ polarization and ookinete gliding. CDC50A, a co-factor of P4-ATPase, binds to and stabilizes GCβ during ookinete development. Screening of inner membrane complex proteins identifies ISP1 as a key molecule that anchors GCβ/CDC50A complex at the OES of mature ookinetes.'

From the paper:
'3'–5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG), phosphodiesterase delta (PDEδ), and guanylate cyclase beta (GCβ) have been shown to be crucial for ookinete motility in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. Coordinated activities of GCβ (synthesizes cGMP) and PDEδ (hydrolyzes cGMP) regulate cGMP levels that activate PKG, leading to phospholipase C (PLC)/inositol triphosphate (IP3)-mediated Ca2+ release, phosphorylation of multiple proteins in the glideosome, and initiation of ookinete gliding.
The Plasmodium yoelii parasite encodes two large guanylate cyclases (GCα, 3,850 amino acids [aas] and GCβ, 3,015 aas that contain 22 transmembrane (TM) helixes spanning an N-terminal P4-ATPase-like domain (ALD) and a C-terminal guanylate cyclase domain (GCD). The GC enzymes possessing this ALD/GCD structure are observed in many protozoan species.'

'The ALD of GCβ is structurally related to the P4-ATPase proteins, which function as flippase translocating phospholipids, such as phosphatidylserine (PS) from exofacial to cytofacial leaflets of membranes in eukaryotic cells. However, sequence analysis revealed that ALD contains mutations in several conserved functional motifs, including the critical DKTGT motif, suggesting a pseudo P4-ATPase.
P4-ATPase interacts with the co-factor protein, CDC50, which is required for trafficking of the complex from ER to plasma membrane and for flippase activity. A search of the Plasmodium genomes identified three paralogs of cdc50 genes: cdc50a (PY17X_0619700); cdc50b (PY17X_0916600); and cdc50c (PY17X_0514500). To determine which CDC50 associates with GCb, we generated parasites with individual CDC50 protein tagged with 6HA: cdc50a::6HA; cdc50b::6HA; and cdc50c::6HA. Of the three proteins, only CDC50A has polarization at OES similar to GCb in mature ookinetes. Notably, CDC50A is exclusively expressed in gametocytes, zygotes, and ookinetes during the parasite life cycle and, similar to GCβ, polarized at OES during zygote to ookinete development. Results from immunoprecipitation using anti-HA antibody indicate that GCβ binds to CDC50A in ookinetes lysate of the gcβ::6HA/cdc50a::mCherry parasite. These data demonstrate that CDC50A colocalizes and binds to GCβ during ookinete development.'

Other mutants
This study describes a large number of mutants expressing tagged (mutated) versions of different proteins, gene-deletion mutants and mutants with mutated genes (see link)..

(in the paper mutants are described that express cdc50a tagged with mCherry, 3V5 and mScarlet)


  Tagged: Mutant parasite with a tagged gene
Details of the target gene
Gene Model of Rodent Parasite PY17X_0619700
Gene Model P. falciparum ortholog PF3D7_0719500
Gene productLEM3/CDC50 family protein, putative
Gene product: Alternative nameCDC50a
Details of the genetic modification
Name of the tagHA
Details of taggingC-terminal
Additional remarks: tagging
Commercial source of tag-antibodies
Type of plasmid/constructCRISPR/Cas9 construct: integration through double strand break repair
PlasmoGEM (Sanger) construct/vector usedNo
Modified PlasmoGEM construct/vector usedNo
Plasmid/construct map
Plasmid/construct sequence
Restriction sites to linearize plasmid
Selectable marker used to select the mutant parasitehdhfr/yfcu
Promoter of the selectable markereef1a
Selection (positive) procedurepyrimethamine
Selection (negative) procedure5-fluorocytosine (5-FC)
Additional remarks genetic modificationCRISPR/Cas9 plasmid pYCm was used for parasite genomic modification. To construct the vectors for gene deleting, we amplified the 5'- and 3'- genomic sequence (400 to 700 bp) of target genes as left and right homologous arms using specific primers and inserted into the restriction sites in pYCm. Oligonucleotides for guide RNAs (sgRNAs) were annealed and ligated into pYCm. For each gene, two sgRNAs were designed to target the coding region of gene using the online program ZiFit. To construct the vectors for gene tagging and T2A insertion, we first amplified the C- or N-terminal segments (400 to 800 bp) of the coding regions as left or right arm and 400 to 800 bp from 5' UTR or 3' UTR following the translation stop codon as left and right arm, respectively. A DNA fragment (encoding mCherry, mScarlet, 6HA, 4Myc, or 3V5 tag) was inserted between the left and right arms in frame with the gene of interest. For each gene, two sgRNAs were designed to target sites close to the C- or N-terminal part of the coding region. To construct vectors for site-directed nucleotide mutations, the substitution sites were designed with a restriction site for modification detection and placed in the middle of the homologous arms. Parasite-infected red blood cells (RBC) were electroporated with 5 mg purified circular plasmid DNA using the Lonza Nucleotector.
Additional remarks selection procedure
Primer information: Primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to view information
Primer information: Primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to hide information
Sequence Primer 1
Additional information primer 1
Sequence Primer 2
Additional information primer 2
Sequence Primer 3
Additional information primer 3
Sequence Primer 4
Additional information primer 4
Sequence Primer 5
Additional information primer 5
Sequence Primer 6
Additional information primer 6