RMgmDB - Rodent Malaria genetically modified Parasites

Summary

RMgm-1141
Malaria parasiteP. berghei
Genotype
DisruptedGene model (rodent): PBANKA_0808100; Gene model (P.falciparum): PF3D7_0317100; Gene product: 6-cysteine protein (B9)
DisruptedGene model (rodent): PBANKA_0902100; Gene model (P.falciparum): PF3D7_1147000; Gene product: sporozoite and liver stage asparagine-rich protein | sporozoite asparagine-rich protein
Phenotype Liver stage;
Last modified: 17 January 2015, 11:35
  *RMgm-1141
Successful modificationThe parasite was generated by the genetic modification
The mutant contains the following genetic modification(s) Gene disruption, Gene disruption
Reference (PubMed-PMID number) Reference 1 (PMID number) : 25407681
MR4 number
Parent parasite used to introduce the genetic modification
Rodent Malaria ParasiteP. berghei
Parent strain/lineP. berghei ANKA
Name parent line/clone RMgm-934
Other information parent lineIn mutant RMgm-934 (PbΔb9Δsm) the b9 gene is removed and it does not contain a drug-selectable marker (the hdhfr-yfcu marker has been removed by negative selection).
The mutant parasite was generated by
Name PI/ResearcherSchaijk B van; Janse CJ; Khan SM; Sauerwein RW
Name Group/DepartmentLeiden Malaria Research Group
Name InstituteLeiden University Medical Center (LUMC)
CityLeiden
CountryThe Netherlands
Name of the mutant parasite
RMgm numberRMgm-1141
Principal name1844cl1
Alternative namePbΔb9Δslarp
Standardized name
Is the mutant parasite cloned after genetic modificationYes
Phenotype
Asexual blood stageNot different from wild type
Gametocyte/GameteNot different from wild type
Fertilization and ookineteNot different from wild type
OocystNot different from wild type
SporozoiteNot different from wild type
Liver stageNormal numbers of motile sporozoites are formed. Sporozoites show normal traversal and invasion of hepatocytes in vitro. Development of liver stages is completely aborted soon after invasion of sporozoites. Intravenous injection of up to 500.000 PbΔb9Δslarp sporozoites never led to full development of parasites in the liver as assayed by in vivo imaging of parasite liver loads or analysis of blood stage infection.
Additional remarks phenotype

Mutant/mutation
The mutant lacks expression of both B9 (PBANKA_080810) and SLARP.

Protein (function)
The B9 protein contains a 4-cysteine domain with a structure that is highly similar to the structure of 4-cysteine domains in the known proteins of the 6-Cys family and is identified as a 6-Cys-related protein. B9 is predicted to be glycosylphophatidylinositol (GPI) anchored. B9 transcripts are found in sporozoites. Evidence is presented for translational repression of b9 transcripts in P. berghei sporozoites. The B9 protein is found in (young) liver stages. For P. falciparum B9 evidence is presented for a location at the plasmalemma membrane of liver stages. P. falciparum and P. berghei mutants lacking expression of B9 abort development during development of young liver stages.

SLARP is a conserved Plasmodium gene that is specifically expressed at pre-erythrocytic stages and is required for parasite development in the liver. SLARP-deficient sporozoites injected into susceptible mice cannot convert into blood stages in vivo.The SLARP protein is expressed in sporozoites and in early liver stages and is involved in the regulation of gene expression. P. berghei mutants lacking expression of SLARP abort development during development of young liver stages.

See also the  link B9 for other mutants lacking expression of B9 or expressing fluorescently-tagged forms of B9
See also the  link slarp for other mutants lacking expression of SLARP or expressing fluorescently-tagged forms of SLARP

Phenotype
Normal numbers of motile sporozoites are formed. Sporozoites show normal traversal and invasion of hepatocytes in vitro. Development of liver stages is completely aborted soon after invasion of sporozoites. Intravenous injection of up to 500.000 PbΔb9Δslarp sporozoites never led to full development of parasites in the liver as assayed by in vivo imaging of parasite liver loads or analysis of blood stage infection.

Additional information
Similar mutants lacking both SLARP and B9 have been generated in P. falciparum. These mutants show a comparable arrest of liver stage development soon after invasion of hepatocytes.
The human PfΔb9ΔslarpGAP generated without drug-resistance markers were infective to human hepatocytes in vitro and to humanized mice engrafted with human hepatocytes in vivo but completely aborted development after infection. These findings support the clinical development of this genetically attenuated parasite (GAP) PfΔb9ΔslarpSPZ vaccine.

Other mutants
See also the  link B9 for other mutants lacking expression of B9 or expressing fluorescently-tagged forms of B9
See also the  link slarp for other mutants lacking expression of SLARP or expressing fluorescently-tagged forms of SLARP


  Disrupted: Mutant parasite with a disrupted gene
Details of the target gene
Gene Model of Rodent Parasite PBANKA_0808100
Gene Model P. falciparum ortholog PF3D7_0317100
Gene product6-cysteine protein
Gene product: Alternative nameB9
Details of the genetic modification
Inducable system usedNo
Additional remarks inducable system
Type of plasmid/construct used(Linear) plasmid double cross-over
PlasmoGEM (Sanger) construct/vector usedNo
Modified PlasmoGEM construct/vector usedNo
Plasmid/construct map
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Plasmid/construct sequence
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AGCTTGGGCCCCCGCGGTGGCGGCCGCTCTAGCTTTGATCCCGTTTTTCTTACTTATATA
TTTATACCAATTGATTGTATTTATAACTGTAAAAATGTGTATGTTGTGTGCATATTTTTT
TTTGTGCATGCACATGCATGTAAATAGCTAAAATTATGAACATTTTATTTTTTGTTCAGA
AAAAAAAAACTTTACACACATAAAATGGCTAGTATGAATAGCCATATTTTATATAAATTA
AATCCTATGAATTTATGACCATATTAAAAATTTAGATATTTATGGAACATAATATGTTTG
AAACAATAAGACAAAATTATTATTATTATTATTATTTTTACTGTTATAATTATGTTGTCT
CTTCAATGATTCATAAATAGTTGGACTTGATTTTTAAAATGTTTATAATATGATTAGCAT
AGTTAAATAAAAAAAGTTGAAAAATTAAAAAAAAACATATAAACACAAATGATGTTTTTT
CCTTCAATTTCGATTGATAATTCCTGCAGCCCAGCTTAATTCTTTTCGAGCTCTTTATGC
TTAAGTTTACAATTTAATATTCATACTTTAAGTATTTTTTGTAGTATCCTAGATATTGTG
CTTTAAATGCTCACCCCTCAAAGCACCAGTAATATTTTCATCCACTGAAATACCATTAAA
TTTTCAAAAAAATACTATGCATATAATGTTATACATATAAACATAAAACGCCATGTAAAT
CAAAAAATATATAAAAATATGTATAAAAATAAATATGCACTAAATATAAGCTAATTATGC
ATAAAAATTAAAGTGCCCTTTATTAACTAGAACTAGTCGTAATTATTTATATTTCTATGT
TATAAAAAAATCCTCATATAATAATATAATTAATATATGTAATGTTTTTTTTATTTTATA
ATTTTAATATAAAATAATATGTAAATTAATTCAAAAAATAAATATAATTGTTGTGAAACA
AAAAACGTAATTTTTTCATTTGCCTTCAAAATTTAAATTTATTTTAATATTTCCTAAAAT
ATATATACTTTGTGTATAAATATATAAAAATATATATTTGCTTATAAATAAATAAAAAAT
TTTATAAAACATAGGGGGATCCATGGTTGGTTCGCTAAACTGCATCGTCGCTGTGTCCCA
GAACATGGGCATCGGCAAGAACGGGGACCTGCCCTGGCCACCGCTCAGGAACGAATTTAG
ATATTTCCAGAGAATGACCACAACCTCTTCAGTAGAAGGTAAACAGAATCTGGTGATTAT
GGGTAAGAAGACCTGGTTCTCCATTCCTGAGAAGAATCGACCTTTAAAGGGTAGAATTAA
TTTAGTTCTCAGCAGAGAACTCAAGGAACCTCCACAAGGAGCTCATTTTCTTTCCAGAAG
TCTAGATGATGCCTTAAAACTTACTGAACAACCAGAATTAGCAAATAAAGTAGACATGGT
CTGGATAGTTGGTGGCAGTTCTGTTTATAAGGAAGCCATGAATCACCCAGGCCATCTTAA
ACTATTTGTGACAAGGATCATGCAAGACTTTGAAAGTGACACGTTTTTTCCAGAAATTGA
TTTGGAGAAATATAAACTTCTGCCAGAATACCCAGGTGTTCTCTCTGATGTCCAGGAGGA
GAAAGGCATTAAGTACAAATTTGAAGTATATGAGAAGAATGATGCTAGCGGAGGAGGTGG
ATCTGGTGGAGGTGGAAGTGCTAGCGTGACAGGGGGAATGGCAAGCAAGTGGGATCAGAA
GGGTATGGACATTGCCTATGAGGAGGCGGCCTTAGGTTACAAAGAGGGTGGTGTTCCTAT
TGGCGGATGTCTTATCAATAACAAAGACGGAAGTGTTCTCGGTCGTGGTCACAACATGAG
ATTTCAAAAGGGATCCGCCACACTACATGGTGAGATCTCCACTTTGGAAAACTGTGGGAG
ATTAGAGGGCAAAGTGTACAAAGATACCACTTTGTATACGACGCTGTCTCCATGCGACAT
GTGTACAGGTGCCATCATCATGTATGGTATTCCACGCTGTGTTGTCGGTGAGAACGTTAA
TTTCAAAAGTAAGGGCGAGAAATATTTACAAACTAGAGGTCACGAGGTTGTTGTTGTTGA
CGATGAGAGGTGTAAAAAGATCATGAAACAATTTATCGATGAAAGACCTCAGGATTGGTT
TGAAGATATTGGTGAGGCTTCGGAACCATTTAAGAACGTCTACTTGCTACCTCAAACAAA
CCAATTGCTGGGTTTGTACACCATCATCAGAAATAAGAATACAACTAGACCTGATTTCAT
TTTCTACTCCGATAGAATCATCAGATTGTTGGTTGAAGAAGGTTTGAACCATCTACCTGT
GCAAAAGCAAATTGTGGAAACTGACACCAACGAAAACTTCGAAGGTGTCTCATTCATGGG
TAAAATCTGTGGTGTTTCCATTGTCAGAGCTGGTGAATCGATGGAGCAAGGATTAAGAGA
CTGTTGTAGGTCTGTGCGTATCGGTAAAATTTTAATTCAAAGGGACGAGGAGACTGCTTT
ACCAAAGTTATTCTACGAAAAATTACCAGAGGATATATCTGAAAGGTATGTCTTCCTATT
AGACCCAATGCTGGCCACCGGTGGTAGTGCTATCATGGCTACAGAAGTCTTGATTAAGAG
AGGTGTTAAGCCAGAGAGAATTTACTTCTTAAACCTAATCTGTAGTAAGGAAGGGATTGA
AAAATACCATGCCGCCTTCCCAGAGGTCAGAATTGTTACTGGTGCCCTCGACAGAGGTCT
AGATGAAAACAAGTATCTAGTTCCAGGGTTGGGTGACTTTGGTGACAGATACTACTGTGT
TTAACTCGATCCCGTTTTTCTTACTTATATATTTATACCAATTGATTGTATTTATAACTG
TAAAAATGTGTATGTTGTGTGCATATTTTTTTTTGTGCATGCACATGCATGTAAATAGCT
AAAATTATGAACATTTTATTTTTTGTTCAGAAAAAAAAAACTTTACACACATAAAATGGC
TAGTATGAATAGCCATATTTTATATAAATTAAATCCTATGAATTTATGACCATATTAAAA
ATTTAGATATTTATGGAACATAATATGTTTGAAACAATAAGACAAAATTATTATTATTAT
TATTATTTTTACTGTTATAATTATGTTGTCTCTTCAATGATTCATAAATAGTTGGACTTG
ATTTTTAAAATGTTTATAATATGATTAGCATAGTTAAATAAAAAAAGTTGAAAAATTAAA
AAAAAACATATAAACACAAATGATGTTTTTTCCTTCAATTTCGGGTACGTACCCTCGAGG
CTAGCGATATCGAATTCGATATGCTTGAAATTCCTAGACATATTACAAATAATACTTCTT
CTACACCCAATCTAGGTTCAAGAATAAACAATATAAATCGTAAATTATCAAAAAGAAATA
ATTATTTACCTAATAATATGAATGACGAAGATACAAAACATCATTATGATACTGATTCAG
TTACTCAATTCGAATTTAATTTTGTCCAGGTTTTTATAGGTATAACTATATTCCATATTT
TGATATGCTTTTTATAGAAATTGTAATAATATAAAAGAATGAGAAATTCGAAAAAACAAA
TATATCTAGACATGAATAAAATGCTATTTCTTCCTCTAACAATTATGATACCAGTTTCCT
ATCTACCCTTTACATTTTAATCACCATTTTAAAATCCTTTAAATATGTAAAAAATAAAAC
ACCTCCCAAATAACAATGAGAATGCACACAGTAATTCAATAAAATTATTTAATTCCGTTG
ATCCATTCGCTTCTTTCAACCTTCGTTGTTTTCTCTTAAACGCGACATTATCTGCATACA
ATATATGCATTCATTTTTTGGTTATTATTTATGTATTTATTTATTTATTTATTTATTTAT
TTATTTATTTATTTATTTATTTATTTATTTATTTATTTATTTCATTATTAACAATTTTGA
TTAAAACAATAATTGATAAAAAATAAAAGTATAATAAAATCGATACACATATATATATTG
AGTAAATTTTGTGACATGTAAAAGTATGCATTGCGAATATGAGTATTCTGTTCGTCGTGC
TTACAAATAACACGATGTATGCAACCACAAGCGCCCGGGGGATCCACTAGTTCTAGAGCG
GCCGCCACCGCGGTGGAGCTCCAATTCGCCCTATAGTGAGTCGTATTACAATTCACTGGC
CGTCGTTTTACAACGTCGTGACTGGGAAAACCCTGGCGTTACCCAACTTAATCGCCTTGC
AGCACATCCCCCTTTCGCCAGCTGGCGTAATAGCGAAGAGGCCCGCACCGATCGCCCTTC
CCAACAGTTGCGCAGCCTGAATGGCGAATGGGACGCGCCCTGTAGCGGCGCATTAAGCGC
GGCGGGTGTGGTGGTTACGCGCAGCGTGACCGCTACACTTGCCAGCGCCCTAGCGCCCGC
TCCTTTCGCTTTCTTCCCTTCCTTTCTCGCCACGTTCGCCGGCTTTCCCCGTCAAGCTCT
AAATCGGGGGCTCCCTTTAGGGTTCCGATTTAGTGCTTTACGGCACCTCGACCCCAAAAA
ACTTGATTAGGGTGATGGTTCACGTAGTGGGCCATCGCCCTGATAGACGGTTTTTCGCCC
TTTGACGTTGGAGTCCACGTTCTTTAATAGTGGACTCTTGTTCCAAACTGGAACAACACT
CAACCCTATCTCGGTCTATTCTTTTGATTTATAAGGGATTTTGCCGATTTCGGCCTATTG
GTTAAAAAATGAGCTGATTTAACAAAAATTTAACGCGAATTTTAACAAAATATTAACGCT
TACAATTTAGGTGGCACTTTTCGGGGAAATGTGCGCGGAACCCCTATTTGTTTATTTTTC
TAAATACATTCAAATATGTATCCGCTCATGAGACAATAACCCTGATAAATGCTTCAATAA
TATTGAAAAAGGAAGAGTATGAGTATTCAACATTTCCGTGTCGCCCTTATTCCCTTTTTT
GCGGCATTTTGCCTTCCTGTTTTTGCTCACCCAGAAACGCTGGTGAAAGTAAAAGATGCT
GAAGATCAGTTGGGTGCACGAGTGGGTTACATCGAACTGGATCTCAACAGCGGTAAGATC
CTTGAGAGTTTTCGCCCCGAAGAACGTTTTCCAATGATGAGCACTTTTAAAGTTCTGCTA
TGTGGCGCGGTATTATCCCGTATTGACGCCGGGCAAGAGCAACTCGGTCGCCGCATACAC
TATTCTCAGAATGACTTGGTTGAGTACTCACCAGTCACAGAAAAGCATCTTACGGATGGC
ATGACAGTAAGAGAATTATGCAGTGCTGCCATAACCATGAGTGATAACACTGCGGCCAAC
TTACTTCTGACAACGATCGGAGGACCGAAGGAGCTAACCGCTTTTTTGCACAACATGGGG
GATCATGTAACTCGCCTTGATCGTTGGGAACCGGAGCTGAATGAAGCCATACCAAACGAC
GAGCGTGACACCACGATGCCTGTAGCAATGGCAACAACGTTGCGCAAACTATTAACTGGC
GAACTACTTACTCTAGCTTCCCGGCAACAATTAATAGACTGGATGGAGGCGGATAAAGTT
GCAGGACCACTTCTGCGCTCGGCCCTTCCGGCTGGCTGGTTTATTGCTGATAAATCTGGA
GCCGGTGAGCGTGGGTCTCGCGGTATCATTGCAGCACTGGGGCCAGATGGTAAGCCCTCC
CGTATCGTAGTTATCTACACGACGGGGAGTCAGGCAACTATGGATGAACGAAATAGACAG
ATCGCTGAGATAGGTGCCTCACTGATTAAGCATTGGTAACTGTCAGACCAAGTTTACTCA
TATATACTTTAGATTGATTTAAAACTTCATTTTTAATTTAAAAGGATCTAGGTGAAGATC
CTTTTTGATAATCTCATGACCAAAATCCCTTAACGTGAGTTTTCGTTCCACTGAGCGTCA
GACCCCGTAGAAAAGATCAAAGGATCTTCTTGAGATCCTTTTTTTCTGCGCGTAATCTGC
TGCTTGCAAACAAAAAAACCACCGCTACCAGCGGTGGTTTGTTTGCCGGATCAAGAGCTA
CCAACTCTTTTTCCGAAGGTAACTGGCTTCAGCAGAGCGCAGATACCAAATACTGTCCTT
CTAGTGTAGCCGTAGTTAGGCCACCACTTCAAGAACTCTGTAGCACCGCCTACATACCTC
GCTCTGCTAATCCTGTTACCAGTGGCTGCTGCCAGTGGCGATAAGTCGTGTCTTACCGGG
TTGGACTCAAGACGATAGTTACCGGATAAGGCGCAGCGGTCGGGCTGAACGGGGGGTTCG
TGCACACAGCCCAGCTTGGAGCGAACGACCTACACCGAACTGAGATACCTACAGCGTGAG
CTATGAGAAAGCGCCACGCTTCCCGAAGGGAGAAAGGCGGACAGGTATCCGGTAAGCGGC
AGGGTCGGAACAGGAGAGCGCACGAGGGAGCTTCCAGGGGGAAACGCCTGGTATCTTTAT
AGTCCTGTCGGGTTTCGCCACCTCTGACTTGAGCGTCGATTTTTGTGATGCTCGTCAGGG
GGGCGGAGCCTATGGAAAAACGCCAGCAACGCGGCCTTTTTACGGTTCCTGGCCTTTTGC
TGGCCTTTTGCTCACATGTTCTTTCCTGCGTTATCCCCTGATTCTGTGGATAACCGTATT
ACCGCCTTTGAGTGAGCTGATACCGCTCGCCGCAGCCGAACGACCGAGCGCAGCGAGTCA
GTGAGCGAGGAAGCGGAAGAGCGCCCAATACGCAAACCGCCTCTCCCCGCGCGTTGGCCG
ATTCATTAATGCAGCTGGCACGACAGGTTTCCCGACTGGAAAGCGGGCAGTGAGCGCAAC
GCAATTAATGTGAGTTAGCTCACTCATTAGGCACCCCAGGCTTTACACTTTATGCTTCCG
GCTCGTATGTTGTGTGGAATTGTGAGCGGATAACAATTTCACACAGGAAACAGCTATGAC
CATGATTACGCCAAGCTCGAAATTAACCCTCACTAAAGGGAACAAAAGCTGGTACCTAAA
TAACATGATGAAACGTCACTTTATAGAATAAGTCTTCAATATAAAACAAAAAAATGCATG
TATTCAAAGGTCTCTAAAACAATGGAAATAAATAAATTTTTTTTCTGTCTTTTGTGCATG
CAATTATTTTTCACTTTTATTAATCAGGCTTATTTTGACAATAAAATATTCTCCAAATTG
TTGGTTTTATACATTTGATATATACTAATCAATATTAAATATTATAAATAAATATATACA
CACATCAGTATATGAATATAAATAAATAACCTTCGTTAATTGCAAAAAGGTTGTCTTTTT
CTCATATGTGTATGAGCATTTTTTTTTTTACAATTAATAATTTGGCTATACAAAATTTAA
CAAAGCATGCATAAATGGTTGTACATTTTTATTACATCTTTTTATTTGAAAAATAAACAT
GTTTCGTAAAATATAGTTTTAAAAATTACAACTGATAATTAGACACAACATCACAAATTT
GTCTTTATAATATATTGATAGAAAAATCAAAATATGAGCATAAATGTGAGCATGGATATG
AGAAAAAGTTTTCTTATTTATTAAAAAAACAGTGAAAAAAAAAATACATATAATATATAT
TCAAAATTATATTACCCATTATATATGCACGAAGGATACATTAAAGTTTGGGCGCAGATA
AAATAAAAAAAAATATCATACAATTTGACAATATAATAAAAAAAAAAAGTAAATTTTCAG
AATGTGTTTAAATATTTTGTTAGTGTATTTATAGAGGGTAGAAGTAATGCATAGA
Restriction sites to linearize plasmid
Partial or complete disruption of the geneComplete
Additional remarks partial/complete disruption
Selectable marker used to select the mutant parasitehdhfr/yfcu
Promoter of the selectable markereef1a
Selection (positive) procedureNo
Selection (negative) procedure5-fluorocytosine (5-FC)
Additional remarks genetic modificationThe slarp gene has been disrupted in mutant RMgm-934. In mutant RMgm-934 (PbΔb9Δsm) the b9 gene is removed and it does not contain a drug-selectable marker (the hdhfr-yfcu marker has been removed by negative selection).

The slarp gene was disrupted using a linear construct that was generated using a 2-step, anchor tagging PCR method (for primer details see below).

The 5’- and 3’ targeting regions of the gene were PCR amplified from genomic DNA using primer pairs 1&2 and 3&4. Primers 2 and 3 have 5’-terminal extensions homologues to the hDHFR selectable marker cassette. Primers 1 and 4 both have a 5’-terminal overhang with an anchor-tag which serves as a primer site in the 2nd PCR reaction.

The target fragments from the first PCR reaction were annealed to either side of the selectable marker cassette by PCR with anchor-tag primers 5 and 6, resulting in the 2nd PCR product. The hDHFR selectable marker cassette used in this reaction was digested from pL0040 using restriction enzymes XhoI and NotI. pL0040 is available from The Leiden Malaria Research Group.

To remove the anchor-tags from the final KO construct, and to eliminate contaminating pL0040, the 2nd PCR product was digested with Asp718/ScaI and DpnI respectively. DpnI only cuts methylated plasmid DNA but not the PCR product.

Using this PCR-based targeting construct (pL1740) the mutant PbΔb9Δslarp (1844cl1) was generated in mutant RMgm-934
Additional remarks selection procedure
Primer information: Primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to view information
Primer information: Primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to hide information
Sequence Primer 1GGGGTACCTAAATAACATGATGAAACGTCAC
Additional information primer 14096 (Asp718); ∆b9 5' target F
Sequence Primer 2CCCAAGCTTTCTATGCATTACTTCTACCCTC
Additional information primer 24097 (HindIII); ∆b9 5' target R
Sequence Primer 3GGAATTCGATATGCTTGAAATTCCTAGAC
Additional information primer 34098 (EcoRI); ∆b9 3' target F
Sequence Primer 4TCCCCCCGGGCGCTTGTGGTTGCATACATC
Additional information primer 44099 (XmaI); ∆b9 3' target R
Sequence Primer 5
Additional information primer 5
Sequence Primer 6
Additional information primer 6

  Disrupted: Mutant parasite with a disrupted gene
Details of the target gene
Gene Model of Rodent Parasite PBANKA_0902100
Gene Model P. falciparum ortholog PF3D7_1147000
Gene productsporozoite and liver stage asparagine-rich protein | sporozoite asparagine-rich protein
Gene product: Alternative name
Details of the genetic modification
Inducable system usedNo
Additional remarks inducable system
Type of plasmid/construct used(Linear) plasmid double cross-over
PlasmoGEM (Sanger) construct/vector usedNo
Modified PlasmoGEM construct/vector usedNo
Plasmid/construct map
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Plasmid/construct sequence
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GAACTCGTACTCCTTGGTGACGGGTACCGGGAGTCAAAAACGGTATGCAAAGCTAAATAA
GCATGTGCAATATGAAAATGACAATGCTCGATAAGAAAACATTAAATTCCATGAAATTGT
CTTTACACAATTATTTATCCATAAATATTTATATATTTCATTATTAGCAATTACAGTTTC
AATATATGTGTATCTTAAGTATTCTACAATATAACTTTTGTATGTATGCATGTATGTAAG
AATATATATATATATATTCATATAGAAAAATACTCATTTTTTTAAGCAAAAAAAATGATA
TGGATATTCATTCAAAAAATATATATACATGCATATATTGACATGTATTCATTGTGAACA
AATAAATCGTATGTTGTATATAATTAAAATAAATATCTCTATATATAGATATTTTTATCT
TTAACAATCCCTTTTTTAATATTAATAAATATGAGTTCATCTTTTTGCACGCTACATTAT
ACAATGAACTTTTCCTTTTTTTATTTTTTCAACATTTCCTTTTTCAATTTACACTTGTAT
AATATATTTATGCCATCATACTAATTTACATGCATATTATATATATATTCATAATATGCA
TACTTGTATTTATGAATATAAATATATACATATTCTGCTAAAAACATATAAATATTTATG
ATAACATGCCATATTTTAATTAAATATCAATAAAATAAATAATAGTTGTTAATATGTTTT
GTTCTATTACACATCCTAGATATACAACTTTCATCAAGAAAAATATTAAAATAAATAATA
ATAAATAAATATAATTTTATAATATTTACAAAATAAATTTTACATTTTTTTTCTTTGATA
CCGCTTTTCTTATATATTGATTCACTTTTACCTATATTTAATACATTTACACCTCCACGT
ATGTTTTTATTTGATTTTTTTCTTTTTTTTCAATTAGTATATATTATACATATTATTACA
TGCTTTATATAGTAAGATTTTTAAATAACAATAAAAAATCATATTCTTATAATCATACGA
AAATTAAACCCTTTATGATCCTAAGCAAATTAAGAATCTTCCCTTTACCTTTGAAAACCA
CAATTAAATAGAAGGCACCCCTAATAGACACGCATAAAAATAGAGAGAAAAATATATATA
ATATAAGAACAATCTCAAAATATATTTTATACATACTCAATTGCAAAAGAAAATATAAAG
CCTACGTGGGCATGTACTATAGGAGGGGTACCGAGGTCGACGATGCTTGTAGATGGCCCA
GCTTAATTCTTTTCGAGCTCTTTATGCTTAAGTTTACAATTTAATATTCATACTTTAAGT
ATTTTTTGTAGTATCCTAGATATTGTGCTTTAAATGCTCACCCCTCAAAGCACCAGTAAT
ATTTTCATCCACTGAAATACCATTAAATTTTCAAAAAAATACTATGCATATAATGTTATA
CATATAAACATAAAACGCCATGTAAATCAAAAAATATATAAAAATATGTATAAAAATAAA
TATGCACTAAATATAAGCTAATTATGCATAAAAATTAAAGTGCCCTTTATTAACTAGTCG
TAATTATTTATATTTCTATGTTATAAAAAAATCCTCATATAATAATATAATTAATATATG
TAATGTTTTTTTTATTTTATAATTTTAATATAAAATAATATGTAAATTAATTCAAAAAAT
AAATATAATTGTTGTGAAACAAAAAACGTAATTTTTTCATTTGCCTTCAAAATTTAAATT
TATTTTAATATTTCCTAAAATATATATACTTTGTGTATAAATATATAAAAATATATATTT
GCTTATAAATAAATAAAAAATTTTATAAAACATAGGGGGATCCATGGTTGGTTCGCTAAA
CTGCATCGTCGCTGTGTCCCAGAACATGGGCATCGGCAAGAACGGGGACCTGCCCTGGCC
ACCGCTCAGGAACGAATTTAGATATTTCCAGAGAATGACCACAACCTCTTCAGTAGAAGG
TAAACAGAATCTGGTGATTATGGGTAAGAAGACCTGGTTCTCCATTCCTGAGAAGAATCG
ACCTTTAAAGGGTAGAATTAATTTAGTTCTCAGCAGAGAACTCAAGGAACCTCCACAAGG
AGCTCATTTTCTTTCCAGAAGTCTAGATGATGCCTTAAAACTTACTGAACAACCAGAATT
AGCAAATAAAGTAGACATGGTCTGGATAGTTGGTGGCAGTTCTGTTTATAAGGAAGCCAT
GAATCACCCAGGCCATCTTAAACTATTTGTGACAAGGATCATGCAAGACTTTGAAAGTGA
CACGTTTTTTCCAGAAATTGATTTGGAGAAATATAAACTTCTGCCAGAATACCCAGGTGT
TCTCTCTGATGTCCAGGAGGAGAAAGGCATTAAGTACAAATTTGAAGTATATGAGAAGAA
TGATGCTAGCGGAGGAGGTGGATCTGGTGGAGGTGGAAGTGCTAGCGTGACAGGGGGAAT
GGCAAGCAAGTGGGATCAGAAGGGTATGGACATTGCCTATGAGGAGGCGGCCTTAGGTTA
CAAAGAGGGTGGTGTTCCTATTGGCGGATGTCTTATCAATAACAAAGACGGAAGTGTTCT
CGGTCGTGGTCACAACATGAGATTTCAAAAGGGATCCGCCACACTACATGGTGAGATCTC
CACTTTGGAAAACTGTGGGAGATTAGAGGGCAAAGTGTACAAAGATACCACTTTGTATAC
GACGCTGTCTCCATGCGACATGTGTACAGGTGCCATCATCATGTATGGTATTCCACGCTG
TGTTGTCGGTGAGAACGTTAATTTCAAAAGTAAGGGCGAGAAATATTTACAAACTAGAGG
TCACGAGGTTGTTGTTGTTGACGATGAGAGGTGTAAAAAGATCATGAAACAATTTATCGA
TGAAAGACCTCAGGATTGGTTTGAAGATATTGGTGAGGCTTCGGAACCATTTAAGAACGT
CTACTTGCTACCTCAAACAAACCAATTGCTGGGTTTGTACACCATCATCAGAAATAAGAA
TACAACTAGACCTGATTTCATTTTCTACTCCGATAGAATCATCAGATTGTTGGTTGAAGA
AGGTTTGAACCATCTACCTGTGCAAAAGCAAATTGTGGAAACTGACACCAACGAAAACTT
CGAAGGTGTCTCATTCATGGGTAAAATCTGTGGTGTTTCCATTGTCAGAGCTGGTGAATC
GATGGAGCAAGGATTAAGAGACTGTTGTAGGTCTGTGCGTATCGGTAAAATTTTAATTCA
AAGGGACGAGGAGACTGCTTTACCAAAGTTATTCTACGAAAAATTACCAGAGGATATATC
TGAAAGGTATGTCTTCCTATTAGACCCAATGCTGGCCACCGGTGGTAGTGCTATCATGGC
TACAGAAGTCTTGATTAAGAGAGGTGTTAAGCCAGAGAGAATTTACTTCTTAAACCTAAT
CTGTAGTAAGGAAGGGATTGAAAAATACCATGCCGCCTTCCCAGAGGTCAGAATTGTTAC
TGGTGCCCTCGACAGAGGTCTAGATGAAAACAAGTATCTAGTTCCAGGGTTGGGTGACTT
TGGTGACAGATACTACTGTGTTTAACTCGATCCCGTTTTTCTTACTTATATATTTATACC
AATTGATTGTATTTATAACTGTAAAAATGTGTATGTTGTGTGCATATTTTTTTTTGTGCA
TGCACATGCATGTAAATAGCTAAAATTATGAACATTTTATTTTTTGTTCAGAAAAAAAAA
ACTTTACACACATAAAATGGCTAGTATGAATAGCCATATTTTATATAAATTAAATCCTAT
GAATTTATGACCATATTAAAAATTTAGATATTTATGGAACATAATATGTTTGAAACAATA
AGACAAAATTATTATTATTATTATTATTTTTACTGTTATAATTATGTTGTCTCTTCAATG
ATTCATAAATAGTTGGACTTGATTTTTAAAATGTTTATAATATGATTAGCATAGTTAAAT
AAAAAAAGTTGAAAAATTAAAAAAAAACATATAAACACAAATGATGTTTTTTCCTTCAAC
CTTCAATTTCGGATCCACTAGCTCGAGCGGCATGTTAGGAGCACGAAACCATATTCAACG
TTTATTGGCATTTGCTAAACACGGAAAAATATAAATATATACAAAACATAATATTGTTTT
TAGATAATAATTTATACACAAGAGCAGCATGGCTATTAAAAAAAGGATATAATATGGATG
ATTTTGAAGTTCAAAAGGCAGAAAGAAAATTAATAAAACTAATGCTTTTAGTATTTAAAT
TTACTTATGATCATAAAAATGACAATTCGAAATATGAACATATAAAGGCTTTTCTATATC
CATTAAGGAGCTCCCATATAAATTTTGAAATAATGAATCGATTCTTATTTTATTAAACTG
TTTTTGTACATATTATTTCCCCATCTTCATAAGCATACACATTCGTGTGAATATATATAT
ATATAGAATTATTTTTTTAAACTAATCTATATTCATTTTTTTAATTTAGACAATTTTCTA
TACGTCGTTACATGATTTTCTTAGATATTTTCATATTCAAAATTTTCAATATATGTGAAA
TATACTCATGCATATATCCTAAATATTACATGCTTGTACATACGCGTACTATTGCCTTTC
TTTCATTAAATATTTTTGTAGCATTTAATAGCATTTAAAAAAGTAAAAAAAACGCATATA
TATGTTTGTATGCAATTCCCCCTTATTTTATTCATCGAATTTAAAATAATATGTATATGC
AAAATATATAATAATAAATAAATATATTCATCACTATAGACCAGTTATAATTTCATGTCC
AATGTTTAAGTACACCGCTCATATTTTTATAATCCTCAATAAAAAAGAAAACAAGTGGAT
TCCCACAATTTTAGAGTACTGCTGAGTGTCAATGACCAACCT
Restriction sites to linearize plasmid
Partial or complete disruption of the geneComplete
Additional remarks partial/complete disruption
Selectable marker used to select the mutant parasitehdhfr/yfcu
Promoter of the selectable markereef1a
Selection (positive) procedureNo
Selection (negative) procedure5-fluorocytosine (5-FC)
Additional remarks genetic modificationThe slarp gene has been disrupted in mutant RMgm-934. In mutant RMgm-934 (PbΔb9Δsm) the b9 gene is removed and it does not contain a drug-selectable marker (the hdhfr-yfcu marker has been removed by negative selection).

The slarp gene was disrupted using a linear construct that was generated using a 2-step, anchor tagging PCR method (for primer details see below).

The 5’- and 3’ targeting regions of the gene were PCR amplified from genomic DNA using primer pairs 1&2 and 3&4. Primers 2 and 3 have 5’-terminal extensions homologues to the hDHFR selectable marker cassette. Primers 1 and 4 both have a 5’-terminal overhang with an anchor-tag which serves as a primer site in the 2nd PCR reaction.

The target fragments from the first PCR reaction were annealed to either side of the selectable marker cassette by PCR with anchor-tag primers 5 and 6, resulting in the 2nd PCR product. The hDHFR selectable marker cassette used in this reaction was digested from pL0040 using restriction enzymes XhoI and NotI. pL0040 is available from The Leiden Malaria Research Group.

To remove the anchor-tags from the final KO construct, and to eliminate contaminating pL0040, the 2nd PCR product was digested with Asp718/ScaI and DpnI respectively. DpnI only cuts methylated plasmid DNA but not the PCR product.

Using this PCR-based targeting construct (pL1740) the mutant PbΔb9Δslarp (1844cl1) was generated in mutant RMgm-934
Additional remarks selection procedure
Primer information: Primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to view information
Primer information: Primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to hide information
Sequence Primer 1GAACTCGTACTCCTTGGTGACGGGTACCGGGAGTCAAAAACGGTATGC
Additional information primer 15960 (Asp718); ∆slarp 5' target F
Sequence Primer 2CATCTACAAGCATCGTCGACCTCTCCTATAGTACATGCCCACG
Additional information primer 25961; ∆slarp 5' target R
Sequence Primer 3CCTTCAATTTCGGATCCACTAGCATGTTAGGAGCACGAAACC
Additional information primer 35962; ∆slarp 3' target F
Sequence Primer 4AGGTTGGTCATTGACACTCAGCAGTACTCTAAAATTGTGGGAATCCACTTG
Additional information primer 45963 (ScaI); ∆slarp 3' target R
Sequence Primer 5
Additional information primer 5
Sequence Primer 6
Additional information primer 6