RMgmDB - Rodent Malaria genetically modified Parasites

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Summary

RMgm-5017
Malaria parasiteP. berghei
Genotype
DisruptedGene model (rodent): PBANKA_0902400; Gene model (P.falciparum): PF3D7_1146700; Gene product: kinesin-X4, putative (X4)
Transgene
Transgene not Plasmodium: GFP (gfp-mu3)
Promoter: Gene model: PBANKA_1133300; Gene model (P.falciparum): PF3D7_1357100; Gene product: elongation factor 1-alpha (eef1a)
3'UTR: Gene model: PBANKA_0719300; Gene product: bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase, putative (dhfr/ts)
Replacement locus: Gene model: PBANKA_0306000; Gene product: 6-cysteine protein (230p)
PhenotypeNo phenotype has been described
Last modified: 29 July 2022, 10:45
  *RMgm-5017
Successful modificationThe parasite was generated by the genetic modification
The mutant contains the following genetic modification(s) Gene disruption, Introduction of a transgene
Reference (PubMed-PMID number) Reference 1 (PMID number) : 35900985
MR4 number
Parent parasite used to introduce the genetic modification
Rodent Malaria ParasiteP. berghei
Parent strain/lineP. berghei ANKA
Name parent line/clone P. berghei ANKA 507cl1 (RMgm-7)
Other information parent lineP.berghei ANKA 507cl1 (RMgm-7) is a reference ANKA mutant line which expresses GFP under control of a constitutive promoter. This reference line does not contain a drug-selectable marker (PubMed: PMID: 16242190).
The mutant parasite was generated by
Name PI/ResearcherZeeshan, M; Tewari R
Name Group/DepartmentUniversity of Nottingham
Name InstituteSchool of Life Sciences
CityNottingham
CountryUK
Name of the mutant parasite
RMgm numberRMgm-5017
Principal nameΔX4
Alternative name
Standardized name
Is the mutant parasite cloned after genetic modificationYes
Phenotype
Asexual blood stageNot different from wild type
Gametocyte/GameteNot different from wild type
Fertilization and ookineteNot different from wild type
OocystNot different from wild type
SporozoiteNot different from wild type
Liver stageNot different from wild type
Additional remarks phenotype

Mutant/mutation
The mutant lacks expression of kinesin-X4 and expresses GFP under the constitutive eef1a promoter.

Protein (function)
Kinesins are microtubule (MT)-based motor proteins that use energy from the hydrolysis of ATP and function in various cellular processes including intracellular transport, mitotic spindle formation and chromosome segregation during cell division, and the organisation of cell polarity and cytoskeleton associated with motility.
There are 14-16 kinesin subfamilies identified in eukaryotes, and categorised based on analysis of the motor domain, with similar biological roles established by in vitro studies, and in vivo phenotypes in these organisms . Kinesin subfamilies that regulate MT dynamics, such as kinesin-8 and -13, are found in most eukaryotes including primitive and evolutionarily divergent eukaryotes. 
In a bioinformatic analysis of kinesins in Apicomplexa, nine kinesins encoded in the Plasmodium berghei genome were identified, with members of three conserved kinesin subfamilies (kinesin-5, -8B, -8X and -13); kinesin-4, -15 and -20; and two Apicomplexa-specific kinesins: kinesin-X3 and -X4 (Zeeshan et al., 2019).

Phenotype
Not different from wild type throughout the complete life cycle.

Additional information
The different kinesins in the P. berghei genome are:

Kinesin-4: PBANKA_1208200
Kinesin-5: PBANKA_0807700; PF3D7_0317500
Kinesin-8B: PBANKA_0202700; PF3D7_0111000
Kinesin-8X: PBANKA_0805900; PF3D7_0319400
Kinesin-13: PBANKA_1458300; PF3D7_1245100
Kinesin-15: PBANKA_1458800; PF3D7_1245600
Kinesin-20: PBANKA_0622400; PF3D7_0724900

X3: PBANKA_060950; PF3D7_1211000
X4: PBANKA_0902400; PF3D7_1146700

From the paper: 
'We elucidate the subcellular location of each kinesin using a protein endogenously tagged at the C-terminus with GFP, showing a differential localisation of kinesins in the mitotic and meiotic stages and a pellicular and polar location in certain invasive stages.  Eight of the nine kinesins are required only for parasite transmission through the mosquito vector during the sexual and asexual sporogony stages. Only kinesin-13 is likely essential during blood stage schizogony. An in-depth analysis of kinesin-13 and kinesin-20 revealed a distinct subcellular location and function in MT assembly during spindle formation, axoneme assembly and cell polarity. Kinesin-20 was associated with a striking ring-like structure during zygote to ookinete differentiation and deletion of the gene revealed a function in the morphology and motility of the ookinete'.

Other mutants


  Disrupted: Mutant parasite with a disrupted gene
Details of the target gene
Gene Model of Rodent Parasite PBANKA_0902400
Gene Model P. falciparum ortholog PF3D7_1146700
Gene productkinesin-X4, putative
Gene product: Alternative nameX4
Details of the genetic modification
Inducable system usedNo
Additional remarks inducable system
Type of plasmid/construct used(Linear) plasmid double cross-over
PlasmoGEM (Sanger) construct/vector usedNo
Modified PlasmoGEM construct/vector usedNo
Plasmid/construct map
Plasmid/construct sequence
Restriction sites to linearize plasmid
Partial or complete disruption of the geneComplete
Additional remarks partial/complete disruption
Selectable marker used to select the mutant parasitetgdhfr
Promoter of the selectable markerpbdhfr
Selection (positive) procedurepyrimethamine
Selection (negative) procedureNo
Additional remarks genetic modificationThe gene-deletion targeting vectors for kinesin genes were constructed using the pBS-DHFR plasmid, which contains polylinker sites flanking a T. gondii dhfr/ts expression cassette conferring resistance to pyrimethamine, as described previously (Tewari et al., 2010). The 5′upstream sequences from genomic DNA of kinesin genes were amplified and inserted into ApaI and HindIII restriction sites upstream of the dhfr/ts cassette of pBS-DHFR. The DNA fragments amplified from the 3′ flanking region of kinesin genes were then inserted downstream of the dhfr/ts cassette using EcoRI and XbaI restriction sites. The linear targeting sequence was released using ApaI/XbaI.
Additional remarks selection procedure
Primer information: Primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to view information
Primer information: Primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to hide information
Sequence Primer 1
Additional information primer 1
Sequence Primer 2
Additional information primer 2
Sequence Primer 3
Additional information primer 3
Sequence Primer 4
Additional information primer 4
Sequence Primer 5
Additional information primer 5
Sequence Primer 6
Additional information primer 6

  Transgene: Mutant parasite expressing a transgene
Type and details of transgene
Is the transgene Plasmodium derived Transgene: not Plasmodium
Transgene nameGFP (gfp-mu3)
Details of the genetic modification
Inducable system usedNo
Additional remarks inducable system
Type of plasmid/construct(Linear) PCR construct double cross-over
PlasmoGEM (Sanger) construct/vector usedNo
Modified PlasmoGEM construct/vector usedNo
Plasmid/construct map
Plasmid/construct sequence
Restriction sites to linearize plasmid
Selectable marker used to select the mutant parasitegfp (FACS)
Promoter of the selectable markereef1a
Selection (positive) procedureFACS (flowsorting)
Selection (negative) procedureNo
Additional remarks genetic modificationThe GFP gene (1 copy) has been inserted into the 230p locus (PBANKA_030600) by double cross-over integration.
Additional remarks selection procedureThis reporter mutant expressing GFP does not contain a drug-selectable marker. This mutant has been selected by FACS sorting after transfection based on GFP fluorescence.
Other details transgene
Promoter
Gene Model of Parasite PBANKA_1133300
Gene Model P. falciparum ortholog PF3D7_1357100
Gene productelongation factor 1-alpha
Gene product: Alternative nameeef1a
Primer information details of the primers used for amplification of the promoter sequence  Click to view information
Primer information details of the primers used for amplification of the promoter sequence  Click to hide information
Sequence Primer 1
Additional information primer 1
Sequence Primer 2
Additional information primer 2
3'-UTR
Gene Model of Parasite PBANKA_0719300
Gene productbifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase, putative
Gene product: Alternative namedhfr/ts
Primer information details of the primers used for amplification the 3'-UTR sequences  Click to view information
Primer information details of the primers used for amplification the 3'-UTR sequences  Click to hide information
Sequence Primer 1
Additional information primer 1
Sequence Primer 2
Additional information primer 2
Insertion/Replacement locus
Replacement / InsertionReplacement locus
Gene Model of Parasite PBANKA_0306000
Gene product6-cysteine protein
Gene product: Alternative name230p
Primer information details of the primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to view information
Primer information details of the primers used for amplification of the target sequences  Click to hide information
Sequence Primer 1
Additional information primer 1
Sequence Primer 2
Additional information primer 2
Sequence Primer 3
Additional information primer 3
Sequence Primer 4
Additional information primer 4